OpenShell/docs/kubernetes/openshift.mdx

---
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
title: "OpenShift"
sidebar-title: "OpenShift"
description: "Install the OpenShell Helm chart on OpenShift with capability-free sandbox workloads."
keywords: "Generative AI, Cybersecurity, Kubernetes, OpenShift, SCC, Security Context Constraints, Helm, Gateway, Installation"
position: 7
---

The Kubernetes driver resolves the UID range assigned to each OpenShift
namespace and renders the sandbox and supervisor with a numeric non-root
identity from that range. OpenShell does not require the `privileged` SCC or any
added Linux capability.

<Warning>
Verify that the selected OpenShift runtime profile permits an unprivileged
process to install a nested seccomp user-notification filter and use Landlock.
OpenShell fails sandbox startup when either capability-free runtime probe fails.
</Warning>

## Node kernel

OpenShell requires OpenShift 4.19 or later. The RHCOS kernels in OpenShift 4.16
through 4.18 (RHEL 9.4, 5.14.0-427) are built without Landlock, so sandbox
startup fails its Landlock probe on those releases.

## Prerequisites

- OpenShift 4.x cluster with `oc` configured.
- Helm 3.x.
- [Agent Sandbox](/kubernetes/setup#install-agent-sandbox) controller and CRDs.
- A CNI that enforces ingress and egress `NetworkPolicy` in sandbox namespaces.

<Warning>
Your cluster MUST enforce ingress and egress `NetworkPolicy` in every sandbox
namespace. OpenShell creates the policies, but Kubernetes does not verify that
the CNI applies them. Without enforcement, sandbox workloads may bypass
supervisor network policy through direct connections.
</Warning>

## Install OpenShell

Pre-create the namespace, then install the chart. Keep the default restricted
security posture.

```shell
oc create ns openshell
helm install openshell oci://ghcr.io/nvidia/openshell/helm-chart \
  --version <version> \
  --namespace openshell
```

The driver reads the namespace's `openshift.io/sa.scc.uid-range` annotation and
uses the resulting UID/GID for the sandbox, agent, trusted init containers, and
supervisor. Each container sets `allowPrivilegeEscalation: false`, drops all
Linux capabilities, and uses `RuntimeDefault` seccomp.

Wait for the gateway:

```shell
oc -n openshell rollout status statefulset/openshell
```

If you set `workload.kind=deployment`, wait for `deployment/openshell` instead.

## Managed workspace namespaces

In managed workspace mode, the Kubernetes driver creates one namespace per
workspace. On OpenShift, the driver leaves SCC annotations unset so the cluster's
namespace allocator can assign each workspace its own MCS, UID range, and
supplemental-group range. The driver waits for those annotations before it
provisions the workspace ServiceAccount or sandbox Pods.

Namespaces created by an earlier version may have a UID range but no MCS
annotation. OpenShift does not allocate a new MCS for a namespace that already
has a UID range, so preserve any needed workspace data and recreate that
workspace namespace before retrying sandbox creation.

## Connect to the Gateway

Forward the gateway port for local evaluation:

```shell
oc -n openshell port-forward svc/openshell 8080:8080
openshell gateway add https://127.0.0.1:8080 --local --name openshift
openshell status
```

## Options for end-to-end TLS

The steps above run the gateway over plaintext HTTP for quick evaluation. For production deployments, choose one of the approaches below based on your OpenShift version and preferences.

### End-to-end TLS using Gateway API and BackendTLSPolicy (OpenShift 4.22+)

OpenShift 4.22 and later support `BackendTLSPolicy` in the Gateway API, enabling end-to-end TLS between the OpenShift router and the OpenShell gateway pod. The traffic flow is:

```text
client → HTTPS → OpenShift Gateway (terminate TLS) → TLS (re-encrypt) → openshell gateway pod
```

This removes the requirement to run the gateway with `server.disableTls=true`. The OpenShift router terminates client-facing TLS at the listener and re-encrypts when connecting to the backend service, validating the backend's certificate against a CA you provide.

#### Prerequisites

- OpenShift 4.22+ cluster with the Gateway API enabled
- cert-manager installed (recommended) or the built-in pkiInitJob for server certificates
- A `GatewayClass` registered for the OpenShift gateway controller

#### Create the GatewayClass

If your cluster does not already have an OpenShift GatewayClass, create one:

```shell
oc apply -f - <<'EOF'
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: GatewayClass
metadata:
  name: openshift-default
spec:
  controllerName: openshift.io/gateway-controller/v1
EOF
```

#### Create the Gateway

Create a Gateway resource in the `openshift-ingress` namespace. Replace `<external-hostname>` with your cluster's route hostname (typically a wildcard like `*.openshell-ingress-gw.example.com`):

```shell
oc apply -f - <<'EOF'
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: openshell-gateway
  namespace: openshift-ingress
spec:
  gatewayClassName: openshift-default
  listeners:
    - name: grpc
      hostname: "<external-hostname>"
      port: 443
      protocol: HTTPS
      tls:
        mode: Terminate
        certificateRefs:
          - name: <listener-tls-secret>
            kind: Secret
      allowedRoutes:
        namespaces:
          from: Selector
          selector:
            matchLabels:
              kubernetes.io/metadata.name: openshell
EOF
```

The listener TLS Secret should contain the certificate for the external hostname.

#### Install with e2e TLS

Install the chart with the GRPCRoute and BackendTLSPolicy enabled. The certgen hook automatically creates the backend CA ConfigMap from the generated PKI bundle:

```shell
helm install openshell oci://ghcr.io/nvidia/openshell/helm-chart \
  --version <version> \
  --namespace openshell \
  --set podSecurityContext.fsGroup=null \
  --set securityContext.runAsUser=null \
  --set server.tls.enableMtls=false \
  --set grpcRoute.enabled=true \
  --set grpcRoute.gateway.name=openshell-gateway \
  --set grpcRoute.gateway.namespace=openshift-ingress \
  --set 'grpcRoute.hostnames[0]=gateway.example.com' \
  --set grpcRoute.backendTLSPolicy.enabled=true \
  --set server.oidc.issuer=https://keycloak.example.com/realms/openshell \
  --set server.oidc.audience=openshell-cli
```

| Override | Reason |
|---|---|
| `podSecurityContext.fsGroup=null` / `securityContext.runAsUser=null` | Let OpenShift's SCC admission assign UIDs. |
| `server.tls.enableMtls=false` | Disable mTLS client certificate authentication. BackendTLSPolicy only validates the server certificate; the ingress proxy cannot present a client certificate to the backend. Use OIDC for authentication instead. |
| `grpcRoute.enabled=true` | Create a GRPCRoute pointing at the external Gateway. |
| `grpcRoute.gateway.name` / `namespace` | Reference the Gateway created above in `openshift-ingress`. |
| `grpcRoute.backendTLSPolicy.enabled=true` | Create a BackendTLSPolicy for TLS re-encryption to the gateway pod. The certgen hook auto-creates the backend CA ConfigMap. The Gateway proxy validates the backend certificate against the service FQDN, which is already in the default server certificate SANs. |
| `grpcRoute.hostnames` | External hostname for the GRPCRoute. This goes on the Gateway listener certificate, not the backend certificate. |

Note that `server.disableTls` is **not** set — the gateway pod serves TLS over HTTPS without requiring client certificates. Use OIDC for authentication (see [Access Control](/kubernetes/access-control)).

**Using cert-manager instead of pkiInitJob:** Add `--set certManager.enabled=true` to the install command. The default `certManager.serverDnsNames` already includes the service FQDN needed for BackendTLSPolicy validation. The Certificate resources are regular release objects, and a separate post-install/post-upgrade Job (`<release>-certgen-backend-ca`) polls for up to 120 seconds waiting for cert-manager to issue the server certificate, then creates the backend CA ConfigMap. A single `helm install` is sufficient in most cases.

If cert-manager takes longer than 120 seconds to issue certificates, increase the polling timeout with `--set pkiInitJob.timeoutSeconds=<seconds>`. The hook polls for exactly this many seconds. For example, `timeoutSeconds=180` polls for 180 seconds. By default (`pkiInitJob.failOnTimeout=true`), the install fails if the timeout is reached, providing clear feedback that the BackendTLSPolicy is non-functional.

#### Register over HTTPS

```shell
openshell gateway add https://gateway.example.com \
  --name openshift \
  --oidc-issuer https://keycloak.example.com/realms/openshell \
  --oidc-client-id openshell-cli
openshell status
```

### End-to-end TLS using pass-through Route (all OpenShift versions)

For OpenShift versions prior to 4.22, or when you prefer Route-based ingress, cert-manager can issue the gateway's server certificate from a real Issuer or ClusterIssuer (for example, a LetsEncrypt/ACME issuer), and an OpenShift Route with TLS passthrough exposes it externally while the gateway keeps terminating its own TLS and mTLS.

Install cert-manager and configure a working `ClusterIssuer` first — see
[Managing Certificates](/kubernetes/managing-certificates) for the
`certManager.serverIssuerRef` details. Configure an OIDC provider as described
in [Access Control](/kubernetes/access-control) — remote gateways authenticate
CLI users via OIDC, not mTLS, so the gateway must know the OIDC issuer URL.
Install the chart with:

```shell
helm install openshell oci://ghcr.io/nvidia/openshell/helm-chart \
  --version <version> \
  --namespace openshell \
  --set podSecurityContext.fsGroup=null \
  --set securityContext.runAsUser=null \
  --set server.disableTls=false \
  --set certManager.enabled=true \
  --set certManager.serverIssuerRef.name=letsencrypt-prod \
  --set certManager.serverIssuerRef.kind=ClusterIssuer \
  --set certManager.serverDnsNames[0]=gateway.example.com \
  --set openshiftRoute.enabled=true \
  --set openshiftRoute.host=gateway.example.com \
  --set server.oidc.issuer=https://keycloak.example.com/realms/openshell \
  --set server.oidc.audience=openshell-cli
```

| Override | Reason |
|---|---|
| `certManager.serverIssuerRef` | Creates a second server certificate from your Issuer or ClusterIssuer for external clients. The gateway uses SNI to present this cert for the external hostname while continuing to present the internal (chart CA) cert to supervisors. The internal certificate's `ca.crt` is the chart CA that also signed the client cert, so the default `clientCaFromServerTlsSecret=true` is correct. |
| `openshiftRoute.enabled` / `openshiftRoute.host` | Creates an OpenShift Route with TLS passthrough — the router forwards the encrypted connection by SNI without decrypting, so the gateway uses the SNI hostname to select the external certificate. |
| `server.oidc.issuer` / `server.oidc.audience` | Configures server-side OIDC validation. Without these, the gateway expects mTLS client certificates and rejects OIDC-only CLI connections. See [Access Control](/kubernetes/access-control). |

Register the gateway with the CLI over OIDC. Remote gateways authenticate CLI
users via OIDC, not mTLS — see [Access Control](/kubernetes/access-control):

```shell
openshell gateway add https://gateway.example.com \
  --name openshift \
  --oidc-issuer https://keycloak.example.com/realms/openshell \
  --oidc-client-id openshell-cli
openshell gateway login openshift
```

## Next Steps

- For more on certificate provisioning modes, refer to [Managing Certificates](/kubernetes/managing-certificates).
- To expose the gateway externally through the Kubernetes Gateway API instead of a Route, refer to [Ingress](/kubernetes/ingress).
- To configure OIDC authentication, refer to [Access Control](/kubernetes/access-control).