Assertion failures throw an assert.AssertionError with Node 24.22's
generatedMessage, code, actual, expected, operator and diff properties,
in Node's key order. new AssertionError(options) validates its options
and builds Node's message from operator, actual and expected.
AssertionError type annotations, instanceof and assert.throws(fn,
AssertionError) compile.
Failure paths record actual, expected and operator before they throw;
passing assertions do no extra work. The deep forms lower through a
per-type function that returns the verdict, so the operands stay call
temporaries. assert.equal and notEqual inspect their operands only when
they fail.
Values without a checked-dynamic form, and values whose type can be
cyclic, record undefined.
crypto.createSecretKey and generateKey/generateKeySync for "hmac" and
"aes" return SecretKeyObject values, native dyn handles over a copy of
the key bytes. The type and symmetricKeySize getters, export() as a
Buffer or a JWK, equals(), instanceof KeyObject, String(),
JSON.stringify and util.inspect follow Node 24.22, as do the argument
checks, their order and their errors. createHmac and hkdf/hkdfSync
accept these keys. toCryptoKey() and KeyObject.from() need WebCrypto
values and are refused with SC2020.
Dyn handle ops gain a @@toStringTag that differs from the class name
and a flag for views with no properties, which util.inspect prints at
any depth. KeyObject method calls dispatch through dynInvoke.
The localeCompare table now covers U+0363-U+036F, U+00BC-U+00BE and
U+2044 FRACTION SLASH, so strings containing them follow Node's collation
instead of code-point order. A combining Latin letter is its letter's
primary at the letter's secondary, with a tertiary weight between the
letter's case forms where Node places it, and the combining class it
shares with the diacritics it reorders with. A vulgar fraction is the
elements of its compatibility decomposition (1, U+2044, 4), each with the
tertiary weight Node places the fraction at among that position's forms,
so it orders after both 1⁄4 and ¹⁄4. The generator's check adds the
fractions' slash and superscript spellings and the combining letters
around each diacritic. SC6003 and the limitations page describe the new
coverage.
The generated lookup indexes one dense table for every code point below
U+0370, with the gaps between ranges marked uncovered, and checks the
ranges above it (now U+2044) after that, so a Latin lookup is one
comparison instead of up to four.
crypto.timingSafeEqual accepts every TypedArray, DataView, Buffer,
ArrayBuffer and SharedArrayBuffer and compares their bytes. Values of
other types throw Node 24.22's ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE for buf1 and then
buf2, before the byte lengths are compared. Views of every element kind
keep the typed call; other arguments take the checks at run time.
randomFillSync accepts every TypedArray, DataView, Buffer, ArrayBuffer and
SharedArrayBuffer and returns its argument at its own type. Offsets and
sizes count elements and are checked in bytes with Node 24.22's
ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE and ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE errors. randomFill fills the
same buffers and calls back in a later macrotask, or synchronously when
nothing is filled, as Node does.
randomInt takes a callback in both forms, and its errors carry Node's
received values and the max or "max - min" label. Values come from a
6 KiB cache, as in Node, so a callback runs on the next tick while the
cache has data and after an asynchronous refill when it is empty.
randomUUID and the new randomUUIDv7 validate options.disableEntropyCache
and draw from a 128-UUID batch unless it is set.
A non-u8 view passed to randomFillSync no longer needs a Uint8Array
type, and the bytes callback adapters pass views of any element kind
and dyn values through.
Hash.update and Hmac.update accept every Buffer input encoding and any
TypedArray or DataView. Hex input of odd length throws Node's
ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE, an encoding Node does not know reads as UTF-8, and
data of other types throws ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE. digest() returns a
string for every Buffer encoding and a Buffer for a falsy or unknown one,
and a repeated Hmac.digest() returns Node's empty result.
createHash and hash.copy take options.outputLength for the SHAKE and
KECCAK-KMAC digests, with Node 24.22's validation and its
ERR_OSSL_EVP_NOT_XOF_OR_INVALID_LENGTH error, including the library and
reason properties, for other digests. crypto.hash takes an output
encoding or an options object with outputEncoding (including "buffer")
and outputLength. The functionName and customization options are
validated and then refused with Node 24.22's errors. createHmac takes
TypedArray, DataView and ArrayBuffer keys and options.encoding for string
keys, and checks them in Node's order.
Calls whose encodings and options the compiler can resolve keep their
typed fast paths. Other forms go through runtime entry points that apply
Node's checks and return a string or Buffer, checked at the call's type.
A literal digest encoding for which Node returns a Buffer is refused
when the declared result is a string.
The digest compression functions start on a cache line, so their speed
no longer depends on the size of unrelated runtime code.
createHash, createHmac, crypto.hash, pbkdf2, pbkdf2Sync, hkdf and hkdfSync
accept every digest crypto.getHashes() lists in Node 24: SHA-512/224,
SHA-512/256, SHA-256/192, SHA3-224 to SHA3-512, Keccak-224 to Keccak-512,
SHAKE128, SHAKE256, KECCAK-KMAC-128, KECCAK-KMAC-256, RIPEMD-160,
BLAKE2b-512, BLAKE2s-256, SM3 and MD5-SHA1. The new runtime unit
scr_hash.c implements Keccak, RIPEMD-160, BLAKE2b, BLAKE2s and SM3, and
is registered in both runtime pack matrices and the C-compile path.
Names resolve as Node 24.22 resolves them: case-insensitively, with
OpenSSL's provider aliases and object identifiers, ending at the first
NUL, and with trailing spaces allowed except on the RSA signature
aliases. "dss1" and "DSS1" are SHA-1, and createHash and crypto.hash
accept "dss1" in any case. The compiler no longer refuses literal digest
names outside SHA-1/SHA-2 and MD5; unknown names throw Node's errors at
run time.
SHAKE and KMAC digests use their default output lengths. createHmac
rejects them with Node's OpenSSL error, pbkdf2 with "xof digests not
allowed", and hkdf with "Deriving bits failed". pbkdf2 with a key length
of 0 now fails with "Deriving bits failed" as in Node 24.22, and the
callback forms pass these failures to the callback.
PBKDF2 computes the keyed HMAC states once instead of on every
iteration, and digest contexts are cleared with memset and a compiler
barrier instead of a byte loop. The Keccak permutation, the RIPEMD-160
and BLAKE2 compression functions and the SM3 rounds are unrolled with
constant indices.
Blob and File (globals and node:buffer exports) compile to native
handles in the new scr_blob.c, following Node 24.22's
lib/internal/blob.js and file.js. A Blob is a window over a shared,
immutable byte store plus the byte length of each part. Sources (strings,
typed arrays, DataView, ArrayBuffer, Buffer, other Blobs, Set and Map)
convert as a Web IDL sequence, with each non-buffer part converted to a
string, before the options are read, and are copied when the Blob is
built. The constructors throw Node's Web IDL TypeErrors and its
ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE, ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE and ERR_MISSING_ARGS errors,
and read and convert their options in Node's order. The type is
lowercased, or cleared when it holds a character outside U+0020..U+007E.
endings: "native" rewrites CRLF, CR and LF to the platform's line break.
File takes its name with lone surrogates replaced and lastModified as a
number (Date.now() when absent).
slice() converts its offsets as a [Clamp] long long (rounded half to
even) and keeps the parts Node's data queue keeps. text(), bytes() and
arrayBuffer() settle on the same microtask turn as in Node, which depends
on the part count. util.inspect prints Node's `Blob { size, type }` and
`File { ..., name, lastModified }` forms, with `[Blob]` past the depth
limit. String() and toString() give the class tag, JSON.stringify gives
{}, and structuredClone returns a new Blob or File over the same bytes.
instanceof works for both spellings. stream(), textStream() and the
Object.prototype members other than toString() fail at compile time.
Non-array iterables other than Set and Map throw SC2020.
Three handle-table additions support this: a structuredClone hook, a
JSON `{}` flag, and a bracketed past-depth inspect flag. scr_blob.c is an
optional unit selected by dynAsync, because the dynamic dispatch path
boxes its reads as dyn promises through scr_async_dyn.c.
Corpus 5285-5290 and a node-types fixture check the behavior against
Node.
Arrays whose elements are class-backed interface values are native arrays
of the element capsules, so iteration, indexing and most array methods no
longer go through the checked-dynamic array, and method calls receive a
receiver they can dispatch. Methods without a native form for these
elements run on the array's live dynamic view.
A read of an interface property signature has the property's static type
and reads the field of an implementing class directly. Accessors, object
literals and JavaScript classes keep the checked property read.
Pin Node v24.22.0 (commit f14cd3aa7bf9, Undici 7.29.1, OpenSSL 3.5.8) in
.node-version, Dockerfile.sandbox, the docs matrix fallback, the
compatibility pin, the fetch profile, and process.version. A node-pin test
checks that these pins agree. The Node compatibility snapshot is
regenerated from the v24.22.0 API docs; the new stream_iter chapter maps
to node:stream/iter, and the SuiteContext rows no longer match the
TestContext evidence.
Runtime and compiler changes follow Node 24.22 behavior:
- fs.read, fs.readSync, and FileHandle.read validate the position before
the zero-length return.
- fs.statfs results include frsize; Windows reads
FileFsFullSizeInformation and reports bfree and bavail separately.
- fs.utimes, futimes, and lutimes keep nanosecond precision.
- ServerResponse sets writableFinished where 'finish' is emitted and runs
end() callbacks before the 'finish' listeners while the socket is still
attached; a request read to 'end' closes before its response.
- socket.write(string, 'buffer') throws ERR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING.
- URL protocol-setter rejections keep the current URL, the host setter
no longer leaves a "/." escape when it adds a port to a "//" path, and
new URLSearchParams(null) parses "null".
- util.stripVTControlCharacters uses Node 24.22's ANSI pattern,
util.styleText accepts #RGB and #RRGGBB colors, and
util.types.isDataView has its JS name and length.
- structuredClone and AbortSignal.any use the "cannot be converted to
sequence" message.
- crypto.getCiphers, getHashes, and constants match Node 24.22.
- dns.lookup, net.connect, and tls.connect throw ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE for
hosts with null bytes.
- fs.readFile validates options.buffer and refuses its valid forms;
httpValidation and certificateCompression refuse by name.
- url.domainToASCII, url.domainToUnicode, and url.parse hostnames follow
ada 4.0: ASCII domains are lowercased without checking their xn--
labels, the RFC 5893 rule checks how LTR labels end and how RTL labels
start, a Punycode label whose decoded form begins with "xn--" fails, and
ToUnicode decodes only labels that pass the ToASCII checks. The url
legacy test cases are regenerated with Node 24.22.
Corpus programs 5275-5279 cover the new behavior. 1640, 2283, 2599, and
3136 are updated where they pinned Node 24.15 output.
Chris Tate