diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.test.ts b/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.test.ts
index 82926d2b8..f9463ea1e 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.test.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.test.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,98 @@ console.log(require_named().name);
   expect(chunk).toContain("var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;");
 });
 
+test("a helper travels with a chunk whose nested scopes declare its name", () => {
+  const answer = expectSameBehavior(`${keyedHelper}function label(n) {
+  return "label " + n;
+}
+function wrap(n) {
+  function inner() {
+    var label = "inner";
+    return label;
+  }
+  return label(n) + " " + inner();
+}
+var require_e = __commonJS({
+  "e.js"(exports2, module2) {
+    function nested() {
+      var label = "nested";
+      return label;
+    }
+    var seen = [];
+    for (let label of ["loop"]) seen.push(label);
+    try {
+      throw "caught";
+    } catch (label) {
+      seen.push(label);
+    }
+    {
+      const label = "block";
+      seen.push(label);
+    }
+    module2.exports = { outer: label(1), indirect: (0, label)(3), wrapped: wrap(2), nested: nested(), seen };
+  }
+});
+var e = require_e();
+console.log(e.outer, e.indirect, e.wrapped, e.nested, e.seen.join(","));
+`);
+  const chunk = answer.chunks[0]!.source;
+  expect(chunk).toContain("function label(n)");
+  expect(chunk).toContain("function wrap(n)");
+});
+
+test("a named function expression that only calls itself travels with a chunk", () => {
+  const answer = expectSameBehavior(`${keyedHelper}var fact = function self(n) {
+  return n <= 1 ? 1 : n * self(n - 1);
+};
+var kind = function self(self) {
+  return typeof self;
+};
+var outer = function self() {
+  var self = 2;
+  return self;
+};
+var require_g = __commonJS({
+  "g.js"(exports2, module2) {
+    module2.exports = [fact(5), kind(1), outer()];
+  }
+});
+console.log(require_g().join(","));
+`);
+  const chunk = answer.chunks[0]!.source;
+  expect(chunk).toContain("var fact = function self(n)");
+});
+
+test.each([
+  ["exports it", `function tally() {}`, `module2.exports = { tally };`],
+  ["reads its properties", `function tally() {}`, `exports2.calls = tally.calls;`],
+  ["constructs it", `function tally() {}`, `exports2.made = new tally();`],
+  ["stores an arrow helper", `var tally = () => 1;`, `exports2.fn = tally;`],
+  [
+    "calls a function that reads its own name as a value",
+    `var tally = function self() { self.n = (self.n || 0) + 1; return self.n; };`,
+    `exports2.count = tally();`,
+  ],
+  [
+    "calls a function whose parameter default reads its own name",
+    `var tally = function self(box = self) { box.n = (box.n || 0) + 1; return box.n; };`,
+    `exports2.count = tally();`,
+  ],
+])("a chunk that %s keeps the package refused", (_, declaration, statement) => {
+  const result = split(`${keyedHelper}${declaration}
+var require_f = __commonJS({
+  "f.js"(exports2, module2) {
+    ${statement}
+  }
+});
+require_f();
+`);
+  expect(result).toEqual({
+    degrade: expect.stringContaining(
+      "uses the bundle's top-level function 'tally' as a value",
+    ) as string,
+  });
+});
+
 test.each([
   ["reads its factory's receiver", `console.log(this);`],
   ["reads its factory's arguments object", `console.log(arguments.length);`],
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.ts b/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.ts
index 28fe4a1b9..2a3ad0b53 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/frontend/npm-static-bundled-chunks.ts
@@ -105,6 +105,128 @@ export function declaredNames(root: ts.Node): Set<string> {
   return names;
 }
 
+/** Adds the identifiers a binding name (an identifier or a destructuring
+ * pattern) declares. */
+function addBindingNames(name: ts.BindingName, out: Set<string>): void {
+  if (ts.isIdentifier(name)) {
+    out.add(name.text);
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const element of name.elements.nodes) {
+    if (!ts.isOmittedExpression(element) && element.name !== undefined)
+      addBindingNames(element.name, out);
+  }
+}
+
+function isFunctionScope(n: ts.Node): n is ts.SignatureDeclaration {
+  return (
+    ts.isFunctionDeclaration(n) ||
+    ts.isFunctionExpression(n) ||
+    ts.isArrowFunction(n) ||
+    ts.isMethodDeclaration(n) ||
+    ts.isGetAccessorDeclaration(n) ||
+    ts.isSetAccessorDeclaration(n) ||
+    ts.isConstructorDeclaration(n)
+  );
+}
+
+/** The `var` names a function body declares, without entering nested
+ * functions. Function declarations in nested blocks count as block-scoped
+ * here; treating one as free only adds an unused helper copy. */
+function varScopedNames(body: ts.Node): Set<string> {
+  const out = new Set<string>();
+  ts.walkPreorder(body, (n) => {
+    if (n !== body && (isFunctionScope(n) || ts.isClassDeclaration(n) || ts.isClassExpression(n)))
+      return "skip";
+    if (ts.isVariableDeclarationList(n) && (n.flags & ts.NodeFlags.BlockScoped) === 0) {
+      for (const d of n.declarations.nodes) addBindingNames(d.name, out);
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  });
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** The names one scope node binds for the references inside it. */
+function scopeNames(scope: ts.Node): Set<string> {
+  const out = new Set<string>();
+  if (isFunctionScope(scope)) {
+    for (const param of scope.parameters.nodes) addBindingNames(param.name, out);
+    if (ts.isFunctionExpression(scope) && scope.name !== undefined) out.add(scope.name.text);
+    if (scope.body !== undefined) for (const name of varScopedNames(scope.body)) out.add(name);
+  } else if (ts.isBlock(scope) || ts.isSourceFile(scope) || ts.isCaseBlock(scope)) {
+    const statements = ts.isCaseBlock(scope)
+      ? scope.clauses.nodes.flatMap((clause) => clause.statements.nodes)
+      : scope.statements.nodes;
+    for (const stmt of statements) {
+      if ((ts.isFunctionDeclaration(stmt) || ts.isClassDeclaration(stmt)) && stmt.name)
+        out.add(stmt.name.text);
+      else if (
+        ts.isVariableStatement(stmt) &&
+        (stmt.declarationList.flags & ts.NodeFlags.BlockScoped) !== 0
+      ) {
+        for (const d of stmt.declarationList.declarations.nodes) addBindingNames(d.name, out);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (ts.isCatchClause(scope) && scope.variableDeclaration !== undefined) {
+    addBindingNames(scope.variableDeclaration.name, out);
+  } else if (
+    (ts.isForStatement(scope) || ts.isForInStatement(scope) || ts.isForOfStatement(scope)) &&
+    scope.initializer !== undefined &&
+    ts.isVariableDeclarationList(scope.initializer) &&
+    (scope.initializer.flags & ts.NodeFlags.BlockScoped) !== 0
+  ) {
+    for (const d of scope.initializer.declarations.nodes) addBindingNames(d.name, out);
+  } else if (
+    (ts.isClassDeclaration(scope) || ts.isClassExpression(scope)) &&
+    scope.name !== undefined
+  ) {
+    out.add(scope.name.text);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** Resolves references against one bundle's scopes, keeping each scope's
+ * names for the bundle's split. */
+class BundleScopes {
+  private readonly names = new Map<ts.Node, Set<string>>();
+
+  private of(scope: ts.Node): Set<string> {
+    let names = this.names.get(scope);
+    if (names === undefined) {
+      names = scopeNames(scope);
+      this.names.set(scope, names);
+    }
+    return names;
+  }
+
+  /** True when a scope between the reference and `root` (inclusive)
+   * binds its name. */
+  boundWithin(id: ts.Identifier, root: ts.Node): boolean {
+    for (let n = id.parent; n !== undefined; n = n.parent) {
+      if (this.of(n).has(id.text)) return true;
+      if (n === root) return false;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** True when a scope inside `root` (exclusive) binds the reference's
+   * name. */
+  boundInside(id: ts.Identifier, root: ts.Node): boolean {
+    for (let n = id.parent; n !== undefined && n !== root; n = n.parent) {
+      if (this.of(n).has(id.text)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** True when the reference resolves to a top-level binding of `sf`. */
+  topLevel(id: ts.Identifier, sf: ts.SourceFile): boolean {
+    for (let n = id.parent; n !== undefined && n !== sf; n = n.parent) {
+      if (this.of(n).has(id.text)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
 /** Every binding reference inside a subtree. */
 export function references(root: ts.Node): ts.Identifier[] {
   const out: ts.Identifier[] = [];
@@ -230,6 +352,52 @@ function copyableInitializer(init: ts.Expression | undefined): boolean {
   return depth > 0 && ts.isIdentifier(walk) && walk.text === "Object";
 }
 
+/** A top-level declaration whose value is a function. */
+function isFunctionValued(node: ts.VariableDeclaration | ts.FunctionDeclaration): boolean {
+  if (ts.isFunctionDeclaration(node)) return true;
+  const init = node.initializer && unparen(node.initializer);
+  return init !== undefined && (ts.isArrowFunction(init) || ts.isFunctionExpression(init));
+}
+
+/** True when a named function expression initializer (`var f = function
+ * self() {}`) uses its own name only as a callee: `self` is the copied
+ * function, so it is as observable as the top-level binding. */
+function selfCalledOnly(
+  node: ts.VariableDeclaration | ts.FunctionDeclaration,
+  scopes: BundleScopes,
+): boolean {
+  if (!ts.isVariableDeclaration(node) || node.initializer === undefined) return true;
+  const fn = unparen(node.initializer);
+  if (!ts.isFunctionExpression(fn) || fn.name === undefined || fn.body === undefined) return true;
+  const self = fn.name.text;
+  // A parameter or `var` of the same name hides the function's own name.
+  const own = varScopedNames(fn.body);
+  for (const param of fn.parameters.nodes) addBindingNames(param.name, own);
+  if (own.has(self)) return true;
+  // Its parameter initializers see the name too.
+  return references(fn).every((r) => r.text !== self || scopes.boundInside(r, fn) || isCallee(r));
+}
+
+/** True when a reference is the function a call invokes: `f(...)`, or the
+ * `(0, f)(...)` form that drops the receiver. */
+function isCallee(id: ts.Identifier): boolean {
+  let callee: ts.Node = id;
+  const p = id.parent;
+  if (
+    p !== undefined &&
+    ts.isBinaryExpression(p) &&
+    p.operatorToken.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.CommaToken &&
+    p.right === id &&
+    p.parent !== undefined &&
+    ts.isParenthesizedExpression(p.parent)
+  )
+    callee = p.parent;
+  while (callee.parent !== undefined && ts.isParenthesizedExpression(callee.parent))
+    callee = callee.parent;
+  const call = callee.parent;
+  return call !== undefined && ts.isCallExpression(call) && call.expression === callee;
+}
+
 /** One recognized chunk declaration. */
 interface Chunk {
   name: string;
@@ -302,6 +470,12 @@ export function splitBundledChunks(
   if (declaredAnywhere.has("Object") || written.has("Object"))
     return { degrade: CHUNK_SHAPE_DEGRADE };
   const stable = (name: string): boolean => !duplicate.has(name) && !written.has(name);
+  // Names whose every reference in the bundle is a callee: `f(...)` or the
+  // `(0, f)(...)` form.
+  const scopes = new BundleScopes();
+  const valueUsed = new Set<string>();
+  for (const r of allRefs) if (!isCallee(r) && scopes.topLevel(r, sf)) valueUsed.add(r.text);
+  const calledOnly = (name: string): boolean => !valueUsed.has(name);
   const ownNames = (name: string): boolean => {
     const t = top.get(name);
     if (t === undefined || !stable(name) || !ts.isVariableDeclaration(t.node)) return false;
@@ -422,7 +596,17 @@ export function splitBundledChunks(
   const out: BundledChunkSplit["chunks"] = [];
   const bundleEdits: Edit[] = [...callEdits];
   for (const chunk of chunks.values()) {
-    const result = chunkSource(sf, chunk, chunks, top, stable, callEdits, bundleStrict);
+    const result = chunkSource(
+      sf,
+      chunk,
+      chunks,
+      top,
+      stable,
+      calledOnly,
+      scopes,
+      callEdits,
+      bundleStrict,
+    );
     if (typeof result !== "string") return result;
     out.push({ path: chunk.path, source: result });
     bundleEdits.push({ start: chunk.stmt.getStart(sf), end: chunk.stmt.getEnd(), text: "" });
@@ -524,6 +708,8 @@ function chunkSource(
   chunks: ReadonlyMap<string, Chunk>,
   top: ReadonlyMap<string, TopLevel>,
   stable: (name: string) => boolean,
+  calledOnly: (name: string) => boolean,
+  scopes: BundleScopes,
   callEdits: readonly Edit[],
   bundleStrict: boolean,
 ): string | { degrade: string } {
@@ -570,7 +756,8 @@ function chunkSource(
       }
       continue;
     }
-    if (local.has(name)) continue;
+    // The factory function itself binds the parameters and `var`s.
+    if (scopes.boundWithin(r, body.parent ?? body)) continue;
     if (name === "exports" || name === "module")
       return why(`reads the bundle's own '${name}' binding`);
     if (name === "__filename") return why("reads __filename, which names the bundle file");
@@ -594,9 +781,14 @@ function chunkSource(
         (ts.isVariableDeclaration(node) && copyableInitializer(node.initializer)));
     if (!pure || chunks.has(name))
       return why(`reads the bundle's top-level binding '${name}', which it cannot carry along`);
-    const own = declaredNames(node);
+    // Each chunk gets its own copy, so a function's identity and its
+    // properties must stay unobservable: the bundle only ever calls it.
+    if (isFunctionValued(node) && (!calledOnly(name) || !selfCalledOnly(node, scopes)))
+      return why(
+        `uses the bundle's top-level function '${name}' as a value, which its chunks cannot share`,
+      );
     for (const r of references(node)) {
-      if (own.has(r.text) || !top.has(r.text) || copied.has(r.text)) continue;
+      if (scopes.boundWithin(r, node) || !top.has(r.text) || copied.has(r.text)) continue;
       copied.add(r.text);
       copyQueue.push(r.text);
     }
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/frontend/program.ts b/packages/compiler/src/frontend/program.ts
index 908a587ea..79978abee 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/frontend/program.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/frontend/program.ts
@@ -3199,29 +3199,105 @@ function cjsCycleRefusal7(
   return null;
 }
 
-/** True for a plain read `binding.name` (not a call, not a write) of the
- * cycle member `dep` whose export `name` is a top-level function
- * declaration nothing reassigns. Every member settles its exports before
- * entering the cycle, so Node reads that same function whenever the read
- * runs, and the compiled read resolves to the declaration itself. */
+/** True when `use` initializes a top-level const whose every other
+ * reference is a value of an export statement (`module.exports = { … }`
+ * or `exports.n = …`). */
+function publishedAlias7(use: ts.Node, decl: ts.Node | undefined): boolean {
+  if (
+    decl === undefined ||
+    !ts.isVariableDeclaration(decl) ||
+    decl.initializer !== use ||
+    !ts.isIdentifier(decl.name)
+  )
+    return false;
+  const list = decl.parent;
+  const stmt = list?.parent;
+  const sf = stmt?.parent;
+  if (
+    list === undefined ||
+    (list.flags & ts.NodeFlags.Const) === 0 ||
+    stmt === undefined ||
+    !ts.isVariableStatement(stmt) ||
+    sf === undefined ||
+    !ts.isSourceFile(sf)
+  )
+    return false;
+  const alias = decl.name;
+  const published = new Set<ts.Node>();
+  for (const st of sf.statements.nodes) {
+    const cjs = cjsExportAssignmentOf(st);
+    if (cjs === null) continue;
+    if (cjs.kind === "member") published.add(cjs.value);
+    else if (cjs.obj !== null) {
+      for (const p of cjs.obj.properties.nodes) {
+        if (ts.isPropertyAssignment(p) && !ts.isComputedPropertyName(p.name))
+          published.add(p.initializer);
+        else if (ts.isShorthandPropertyAssignment(p)) published.add(p.name);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  let kept = false;
+  ts.walkPreorder(sf, (n) => {
+    if (kept) return "stop";
+    if (!ts.isIdentifier(n) || n === alias || n.text !== alias.text) return undefined;
+    const p = n.parent;
+    if (
+      p !== undefined &&
+      ((ts.isPropertyAccessExpression(p) && p.name === n) ||
+        (ts.isPropertyAssignment(p) && p.name === n))
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    if (!published.has(n)) kept = true;
+    return undefined;
+  });
+  return !kept;
+}
+
+/** True for a plain read `binding.name` (not a call, not a write, not a
+ * value that is stored or passed on) of the cycle member `dep` whose
+ * export `name` is a top-level function declaration nothing reassigns.
+ * Every member settles its exports before entering the cycle, so Node
+ * reads that same function whenever the read runs, and the compiled read
+ * resolves to the declaration itself. */
 function functionExportRead7(id: ts.Identifier, dep: ts.SourceFile): boolean {
   const access = id.parent;
   if (!ts.isPropertyAccessExpression(access) || access.expression !== id) return false;
+  // The value the read yields: through parentheses and the right operand
+  // of a comma, so `(0, binding.name)(...)` is the call it spells.
   let use: ts.Node = access;
-  while (ts.isParenthesizedExpression(use.parent)) use = use.parent;
+  for (;;) {
+    const p = use.parent;
+    if (ts.isParenthesizedExpression(p)) use = p;
+    else if (
+      ts.isBinaryExpression(p) &&
+      p.operatorToken.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.CommaToken &&
+      p.right === use
+    )
+      use = p;
+    else break;
+  }
   const parent = use.parent;
-  if (
-    (ts.isCallExpression(parent) && parent.expression === use) ||
-    ts.isDeleteExpression(parent) ||
-    ((ts.isPrefixUnaryExpression(parent) || ts.isPostfixUnaryExpression(parent)) &&
-      (parent.operator === ts.SyntaxKind.PlusPlusToken ||
-        parent.operator === ts.SyntaxKind.MinusMinusToken)) ||
+  // Only a use that neither runs the function nor keeps it is a read: a
+  // stored alias (`const f = binding.name`, `{ f: binding.name }`) or an
+  // argument can be called while the cycle initializes. A top-level const
+  // that only publishes it (`module.exports = { name: f }`, the static
+  // rewrite's re-export spelling) runs nothing: a module that reads the
+  // export back checks that read itself.
+  const observes =
+    publishedAlias7(use, parent) ||
+    ts.isExpressionStatement(parent) ||
+    ts.isTypeOfExpression(parent) ||
+    ts.isVoidExpression(parent) ||
+    (ts.isPrefixUnaryExpression(parent) && parent.operator === ts.SyntaxKind.ExclamationToken) ||
     (ts.isBinaryExpression(parent) &&
-      parent.left === use &&
-      parent.operatorToken.kind >= ts.SyntaxKind.FirstAssignment &&
-      parent.operatorToken.kind <= ts.SyntaxKind.LastAssignment)
-  )
-    return false;
+      (parent.operatorToken.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.EqualsEqualsEqualsToken ||
+        parent.operatorToken.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.ExclamationEqualsEqualsToken ||
+        parent.operatorToken.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.EqualsEqualsToken ||
+        parent.operatorToken.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.ExclamationEqualsToken)) ||
+    ((ts.isIfStatement(parent) || ts.isWhileStatement(parent) || ts.isDoStatement(parent)) &&
+      parent.expression === use) ||
+    (ts.isConditionalExpression(parent) && parent.condition === use);
+  if (!observes) return false;
   const name = access.name.text;
   // The exported value's identifier: a table entry or a member export.
   const values: ts.Expression[] = [];
diff --git a/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts.json b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90e304cbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+ "order": [
+  "<repo>/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts"
+ ],
+ "diags": []
+}
diff --git a/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts.json b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6443d170b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+ "order": [
+  "<repo>/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts"
+ ],
+ "diags": []
+}
diff --git a/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts.json b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f51a29951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+ "order": [
+  "<repo>/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts"
+ ],
+ "diags": []
+}
diff --git a/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts.json b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3e0442f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/compiler/test/ts7/baselines/order-parity/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+ "order": [
+  "<repo>/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts"
+ ],
+ "diags": []
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d52b3731d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// A bundled CommonJS chunk that calls the bundle's top-level `label` while
+// a nested function of the chunk declares its own `label`: the chunk
+// carries the top-level function along, and each reference keeps its own
+// binding.
+import { inner, outer } from "gtchunkshadow";
+
+console.log(outer(), inner());
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21ca81b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Two bundled CommonJS chunks export the bundle's top-level `tally` and
+// count calls on a property of it. Node prints "1 2 true": both chunks
+// share one function. A per-chunk copy would split its identity and its
+// properties, so the package stays refused.
+import { counts, same } from "gtchunkshared";
+
+console.log(counts(), same());
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cca145e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// A require cycle whose partner calls an export of index.js with esbuild's
+// `(0, import_index.peek)()` spelling while index is still initializing:
+// peek reads a const in its temporal dead zone, so Node throws a
+// ReferenceError, and scriptc refuses the cycle.
+import { show } from "gtcyclecall";
+
+console.log(show());
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae2be341a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Require cycles whose partner stores an export of index.js (in a const,
+// or in an object literal) and calls it while index is still
+// initializing: the export reads a const in its temporal dead zone, so
+// Node throws a ReferenceError, and scriptc refuses both cycles.
+import { show } from "gtcyclealias";
+import { show as showBox } from "gtcyclebox";
+
+console.log(show(), showBox());
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/dist/index.d.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/dist/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..238cf1744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/dist/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export declare function outer(): string;
+export declare function inner(): string;
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/dist/index.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/dist/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f89c7ec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/dist/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __commonJS = (cb, mod) => function __require() {
+  return mod || (0, cb[__getOwnPropNames(cb)[0]])((mod = { exports: {} }).exports, mod), mod.exports;
+};
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+function label(n) {
+  return "label " + n;
+}
+
+// chunk/vendor/shadow.js
+var require_shadow = __commonJS({
+  "chunk/vendor/shadow.js"(exports2, module2) {
+    function nested() {
+      var label = "nested";
+      return label;
+    }
+    module2.exports = { outer: label(1), inner: nested() };
+  }
+});
+
+// chunk/src/index.ts
+var index_exports = {};
+__export(index_exports, {
+  inner: () => inner,
+  outer: () => outer
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(index_exports);
+function outer() {
+  return require_shadow().outer;
+}
+function inner() {
+  return require_shadow().inner;
+}
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  inner,
+  outer
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/package.json b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6830fbd2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshadow/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "gtchunkshadow",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "esbuild's CommonJS bundle shape: a chunk calls a top-level function whose name a nested scope of the chunk also declares",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/dist/index.d.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/dist/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a47a0495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/dist/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export declare function same(): boolean;
+export declare function counts(): string;
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/dist/index.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/dist/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d3aacec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/dist/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __commonJS = (cb, mod) => function __require() {
+  return mod || (0, cb[__getOwnPropNames(cb)[0]])((mod = { exports: {} }).exports, mod), mod.exports;
+};
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+function tally() {
+  tally.calls = (tally.calls || 0) + 1;
+  return tally.calls;
+}
+
+// chunk/vendor/a.js
+var require_a = __commonJS({
+  "chunk/vendor/a.js"(exports2, module2) {
+    module2.exports = { tally, first: tally() };
+  }
+});
+
+// chunk/vendor/b.js
+var require_b = __commonJS({
+  "chunk/vendor/b.js"(exports2, module2) {
+    module2.exports = { tally, second: tally() };
+  }
+});
+
+// chunk/src/index.ts
+var index_exports = {};
+__export(index_exports, {
+  counts: () => counts,
+  same: () => same
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(index_exports);
+function same() {
+  return require_a().tally === require_b().tally;
+}
+function counts() {
+  return require_a().first + " " + require_b().second;
+}
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  counts,
+  same
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/package.json b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfc90c5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtchunkshared/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "gtchunkshared",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "esbuild's CommonJS bundle shape: two chunks export one top-level function and count calls on a property of it",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/index.d.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f4373e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export declare const LIMIT = 3;
+export declare function show(): string;
+export declare function peek(): number;
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/index.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77aca3c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+var index_exports = {};
+__export(index_exports, {
+  LIMIT: () => LIMIT,
+  peek: () => peek,
+  show: () => show
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(index_exports);
+var import_reader = require("./reader");
+const LIMIT = 3;
+function peek() {
+  return LIMIT;
+}
+function show() {
+  return (0, import_reader.describe)();
+}
+// Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  LIMIT,
+  show
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/reader.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/reader.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..943e61a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/dist/reader.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+var reader_exports = {};
+__export(reader_exports, {
+  captured: () => captured,
+  describe: () => describe
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(reader_exports);
+var import_index = require("./index");
+const read = import_index.peek;
+const captured = read();
+function describe() {
+  return "limit " + captured;
+}
+// Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  captured,
+  describe
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/package.json b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ee7441e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclealias/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "gtcyclealias",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "esbuild 0.25.10 per-file CommonJS output shape of a cycle whose partner stores an exported function in a const and calls it while that function's const binding is uninitialized",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/index.d.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f4373e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export declare const LIMIT = 3;
+export declare function show(): string;
+export declare function peek(): number;
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/index.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77aca3c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+var index_exports = {};
+__export(index_exports, {
+  LIMIT: () => LIMIT,
+  peek: () => peek,
+  show: () => show
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(index_exports);
+var import_reader = require("./reader");
+const LIMIT = 3;
+function peek() {
+  return LIMIT;
+}
+function show() {
+  return (0, import_reader.describe)();
+}
+// Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  LIMIT,
+  show
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/reader.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/reader.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8f8a927e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/dist/reader.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+var reader_exports = {};
+__export(reader_exports, {
+  captured: () => captured,
+  describe: () => describe
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(reader_exports);
+var import_index = require("./index");
+const box = { read: import_index.peek };
+const captured = box.read();
+function describe() {
+  return "limit " + captured;
+}
+// Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  captured,
+  describe
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/package.json b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67f943195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclebox/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "gtcyclebox",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "esbuild 0.25.10 per-file CommonJS output shape of a cycle whose partner stores an exported function in an object literal and calls it while that function's const binding is uninitialized",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/index.d.ts b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f4373e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export declare const LIMIT = 3;
+export declare function show(): string;
+export declare function peek(): number;
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/index.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77aca3c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+var index_exports = {};
+__export(index_exports, {
+  LIMIT: () => LIMIT,
+  peek: () => peek,
+  show: () => show
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(index_exports);
+var import_reader = require("./reader");
+const LIMIT = 3;
+function peek() {
+  return LIMIT;
+}
+function show() {
+  return (0, import_reader.describe)();
+}
+// Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  LIMIT,
+  show
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/reader.js b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/reader.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c98d1ae46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/dist/reader.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+var reader_exports = {};
+__export(reader_exports, {
+  captured: () => captured,
+  describe: () => describe
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(reader_exports);
+var import_index = require("./index");
+const captured = (0, import_index.peek)();
+function describe() {
+  return "limit " + captured;
+}
+// Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
+0 && (module.exports = {
+  captured,
+  describe
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/package.json b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc1069a6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/npm/node_modules/gtcyclecall/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "gtcyclecall",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "esbuild 0.25.10 per-file CommonJS output shape of a cycle whose partner calls an exported function through (0, binding.fn)() while that function's const binding is uninitialized",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+}
diff --git a/tests/harness/npm-cases.ts b/tests/harness/npm-cases.ts
index 35a9df4a6..9ca3c0df0 100644
--- a/tests/harness/npm-cases.ts
+++ b/tests/harness/npm-cases.ts
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ export function npmCases(fixturesRoot: string): NpmCase[] {
   return [
     ...globSync(join(fixturesRoot, "npm/cases/*/main.ts"))
       .sort()
-      // 2465-2469, 2556-2563 and 2567 are the --npm-static bundler-emitted-CJS
+      // 2465-2469, 2556-2567 and 2571 are the --npm-static bundler-emitted-CJS
       // cases (npm-static.test.ts drives them with the opt-in): their
       // consumers exercise the static rewrite's surface (lexer-visible
       // names the shipped .d.ts never declares, the __toESM interop
       // family), so they stay out of the flagless island lane by design.
-      .filter((entry) => !/\/(246[5-9]|255[6-9]|256[0-37])-[^/]+\/main\.ts$/.test(entry))
+      .filter((entry) => !/\/(246[5-9]|255[6-9]|256[0-7]|2571)-[^/]+\/main\.ts$/.test(entry))
       .map((entry) => ({
         name: entry.split("/").at(-2)!,
         entry,
diff --git a/tests/harness/npm-static.test.ts b/tests/harness/npm-static.test.ts
index 443c0c72d..32639e0d1 100644
--- a/tests/harness/npm-static.test.ts
+++ b/tests/harness/npm-static.test.ts
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ async function buildStatic(entry: string, npmStatic: string[] | "auto"): Promise
     ...globSync(
       join(fixturesRoot, "npm/node_modules/cryptozoo/**/*.{js,mjs,cjs,json,d.ts}"),
     ).sort(),
-    // the bundler-emitted-CJS mini packages (cases 2465-2469, 2556-2563, 2567)
+    // the bundler-emitted-CJS mini packages (cases 2465-2469, 2556-2567, 2571)
     ...globSync(join(fixturesRoot, "npm/node_modules/gt*/**/*.{js,cjs,json}")).sort(),
   ];
   for (const f of inputs) hash.update(f).update(readFileSync(f));
@@ -1502,6 +1502,61 @@ describe(`npm-static pilots${sanitize ? " (sanitized)" : ""}`, () => {
     ]);
   }, 180_000);
 
+  // 2566: the same early read through esbuild's `(0, binding.fn)()` call
+  // spelling also keeps SC1016.
+  test("a CommonJS cycle that calls an export during initialization stays refused", () => {
+    const entry = join(fixturesRoot, "npm/cases/2566-cjs-cycle-indirect-call/main.ts");
+    const { coverage } = analyze(entry, { npmStatic: ["gtcyclecall"] });
+    expect(coverage.npmStatic).toEqual([
+      {
+        package: "gtcyclecall",
+        status: "refused",
+        detail: expect.stringMatching(
+          /circular imports .*can use its binding 'import_index' of a module of the cycle/,
+        ) as string,
+      },
+    ]);
+  }, 120_000);
+
+  // 2571: the partner stores the export (in a const, or in an object
+  // literal) and calls it while the cycle initializes; both keep SC1016.
+  test("a CommonJS cycle that stores an export and calls it stays refused", () => {
+    const entry = join(fixturesRoot, "npm/cases/2571-cjs-cycle-stored-function/main.ts");
+    const { coverage } = analyze(entry, { npmStatic: ["gtcyclealias", "gtcyclebox"] });
+    for (const pkg of ["gtcyclealias", "gtcyclebox"])
+      expect(coverage.npmStatic).toContainEqual({
+        package: pkg,
+        status: "refused",
+        detail: expect.stringMatching(
+          /circular imports .*can use its binding 'import_index' of a module of the cycle/,
+        ) as string,
+      });
+  }, 120_000);
+
+  // 2564: a chunk reads a top-level function whose name a nested scope of
+  // the chunk also declares; the function still travels with the chunk.
+  test("a chunk carries a top-level function its nested scopes shadow", async () => {
+    await expectNodeParity(join(fixturesRoot, "npm/cases/2564-chunk-helper-shadowing/main.ts"), [
+      "gtchunkshadow",
+    ]);
+  }, 180_000);
+
+  // 2565: Node shares one function between the chunks that export it; a
+  // per-chunk copy would not, so the package stays refused.
+  test("chunks that export a shared top-level function stay refused", () => {
+    const entry = join(fixturesRoot, "npm/cases/2565-chunk-shared-function/main.ts");
+    const { coverage } = analyze(entry, { npmStatic: ["gtchunkshared"] });
+    expect(coverage.npmStatic).toEqual([
+      {
+        package: "gtchunkshared",
+        status: "refused",
+        detail: expect.stringMatching(
+          /uses the bundle's top-level function 'tally' as a value, which its chunks cannot share/,
+        ) as string,
+      },
+    ]);
+  }, 120_000);
+
   test("published type-only declarations coexist with a static runtime bundle", async () => {
     const entry = join(fixturesRoot, "npm/cases/2469-bundle-offender/main.ts");
     const { coverage } = analyze(entry, { npmStatic: ["gtghost"] });