diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/backend/executable-features.ts b/packages/compiler/src/backend/executable-features.ts
index f4290a15a..0fdc92436 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/backend/executable-features.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/backend/executable-features.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ export function executableLinkFeatures(mod: IrModule, largePages = false): Nativ
     ...(features.wasm ? { wasm: true } : {}),
     ...(features.warningReplace ? { warningReplace: true } : {}),
     ...(features.stdioExtended ? { stdioExtended: true } : {}),
+    ...(features.fsFlags ? { fsFlags: true } : {}),
+    ...(features.strdecDyn ? { strdecDyn: true } : {}),
+    ...(features.processExtras ? { processExtras: true } : {}),
     ...(features.nodeIsland ? { nodeIsland: true } : {}),
     ...(features.moduleNamespace ? { moduleNamespace: true } : {}),
     ...(features.moduleNamespaceDyn ? { moduleNamespaceDyn: true } : {}),
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/backend/native-link-info-core.ts b/packages/compiler/src/backend/native-link-info-core.ts
index 6a40a1be7..a76aea1c8 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/backend/native-link-info-core.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/backend/native-link-info-core.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ export interface NativeLinkFeatures {
   /** The program uses process.stdin.setEncoding, string 'data' listeners
    * or stdio 'resize' events: links the SCR_STDIO_EXTENDED events unit. */
   stdioExtended?: boolean;
+  /** writeFile's `flag` disposition or copyFile's mode argument:
+   * scr_fs_flags.c and the SCR_FS_FLAGS build of scr_fs_cp.c. */
+  fsFlags?: boolean;
+  /** string_decoder's checked-dynamic chunk forms: scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c. */
+  strdecDyn?: boolean;
+  /** process.prependListener, stdin.isRaw or server.off: the
+   * SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS builds of scr_events.c and scr_async_dyn.c and the
+   * SCR_NET_SERVER_OFF build of scr_net.c. */
+  processExtras?: boolean;
   /** Calls into Node.js (@scriptc/node): scr_node_island.c and the
    * SCR_NODE_ISLANDS variant of the event loop unit. */
   nodeIsland?: boolean;
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/contracts.ts b/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/contracts.ts
index f093d6483..522b355b2 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/contracts.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/contracts.ts
@@ -161,6 +161,15 @@ export interface CcOptions {
   warningReplace?: boolean;
   /** SCR_STDIO_EXTENDED: stdin encoding, string data listeners, resize. */
   stdioExtended?: boolean;
+  /** SCR_FS_FLAGS: writeFile's `flag` option and copyFile's mode argument
+   * (scr_fs_flags.c and that build of scr_fs_cp.c). */
+  fsFlags?: boolean;
+  /** string_decoder's checked-dynamic chunk forms: compiles
+   * scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c. */
+  strdecDyn?: boolean;
+  /** SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS / SCR_NET_SERVER_OFF: process.prependListener,
+   * stdin.isRaw and server.off. */
+  processExtras?: boolean;
   /** Calls into Node.js (@scriptc/node): compiles scr_node_island.c and
    * the event loop with SCR_NODE_ISLANDS (its helper slot). */
   nodeIsland?: boolean;
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/executable.ts b/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/executable.ts
index 01efc7e34..8d8979185 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/executable.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/backend/native/executable.ts
@@ -153,6 +153,11 @@ const RUNTIME_UNITS: readonly RuntimeUnit[] = [
   ),
   unit((u) => u.opts.copying, "scr_copying.c"),
   unit((u) => u.opts.fileHandle, "scr_file_handle.c"),
+  // writeFile's `flag` option and the fs/promises twins; the copyFile mode
+  // argument is the SCR_FS_FLAGS build of scr_fs_cp.c.
+  unit((u) => u.opts.fsFlags === true, "scr_fs_flags.c"),
+  // string_decoder's checked-dynamic chunk forms, beside their typed twins.
+  unit((u) => u.opts.strdecDyn === true, "scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c"),
   // win32 targets compile the libc-shim TU (stpcpy, arc4random_buf,
   // gmtime_r, strcasestr — the _WIN32 block in scr_runtime.h declares
   // them) and link advapi32 (the CSPRNG RtlGenRandom/SystemFunction036,
@@ -412,6 +417,13 @@ const RUNTIME_DEFINES: readonly {
   { define: "SCR_JS_TIER", when: (opts) => opts.dynTier === true },
   { define: "SCR_WARNING_REPLACE", when: (opts) => opts.warningReplace },
   { define: "SCR_STDIO_EXTENDED", when: (opts) => opts.stdioExtended },
+  // The wave's prepend registrations and stdin.isRaw (scr_events.c,
+  // scr_async_dyn.c), server.off (scr_net.c) and copyFile's mode form
+  // (scr_fs_cp.c). The source build compiles these units from source, so the
+  // defines must name the same builds runtime-pack-matrix.mjs selects.
+  { define: "SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS", when: (opts) => opts.processExtras },
+  { define: "SCR_NET_SERVER_OFF", when: (opts) => opts.processExtras },
+  { define: "SCR_FS_FLAGS", when: (opts) => opts.fsFlags },
   // scr_async.c's native promise reactions, which the web streams unit uses,
   // scr_json.c's and scr_dyn_builtin_class.c's instanceof over its classes,
   // and scr_fetch.c's bodies of its streams.
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/executable/executable-cache.ts b/packages/compiler/src/executable/executable-cache.ts
index 25a77c10d..141fad738 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/executable/executable-cache.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/executable/executable-cache.ts
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ export interface EarlyExecutableNativeFeatures {
   wasm?: boolean;
   warningReplace?: boolean;
   stdioExtended?: boolean;
+  fsFlags?: boolean;
+  strdecDyn?: boolean;
+  processExtras?: boolean;
   nodeIsland?: boolean;
   moduleNamespace?: boolean;
   moduleNamespaceDyn?: boolean;
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/index.ts b/packages/compiler/src/index.ts
index 0719112cc..c9ca2ffa9 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/index.ts
@@ -700,6 +700,9 @@ async function compileExecutableNative(
     ...(features.wasm ? { wasm: true } : {}),
     ...(features.warningReplace ? { warningReplace: true } : {}),
     ...(features.stdioExtended ? { stdioExtended: true } : {}),
+    ...(features.fsFlags ? { fsFlags: true } : {}),
+    ...(features.strdecDyn ? { strdecDyn: true } : {}),
+    ...(features.processExtras ? { processExtras: true } : {}),
     ...(features.nodeIsland ? { nodeIsland: true } : {}),
     ...(features.moduleNamespace ? { moduleNamespace: true } : {}),
     ...(features.moduleNamespaceDyn ? { moduleNamespaceDyn: true } : {}),
diff --git a/packages/compiler/src/ir/runtime-features.ts b/packages/compiler/src/ir/runtime-features.ts
index 2c9f6d57f..f0bb7bea6 100644
--- a/packages/compiler/src/ir/runtime-features.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler/src/ir/runtime-features.ts
@@ -1248,6 +1248,33 @@ const RUNTIME_FEATURE_RULES = {
       "tls.sockGetCertificate",
     ],
   }),
+  /** writeFile's `flag` disposition ("w" / "wx") and copyFile's mode
+   * argument: scr_fs_flags.c and the SCR_FS_FLAGS build of scr_fs_cp.c.
+   * Programs that never pass either keep both units' default objects. */
+  fsFlags: rule({
+    fns: [
+      "fs.copyFileFlagsSync",
+      "fs.writeFileFlagsSync",
+      "fsp.copyFileFlags",
+      "fsp.writeFileFlags",
+    ],
+  }),
+  /** string_decoder's checked-dynamic chunk forms (a stream "data" payload):
+   * scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c. */
+  strdecDyn: rule({ fns: ["strdec.nextDyn", "strdec.writeDyn"] }),
+  /** The process and stream event registries' extras — prependListener for
+   * signals, 'exit' and uncaught exceptions, stdin.isRaw, and server.off:
+   * the SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS builds of scr_events.c and scr_async_dyn.c and
+   * the SCR_NET_SERVER_OFF build of scr_net.c. */
+  processExtras: rule({
+    fns: [
+      "net.serverOff",
+      "process.prependExit",
+      "process.prependSignal",
+      "process.prependUncaughtException",
+      "process.stdinIsRaw",
+    ],
+  }),
   zlib: rule({ prefixes: ["zlib."] }),
   /** node:zlib's Brotli forms: zlib.brotliInstall, which %main calls when
    * the program uses Brotli (scr_brotli.c). */
@@ -1289,6 +1316,7 @@ function noRuntimeFeatures(): RuntimeFeatures {
     eventsOnceSignal: false,
     fetch: false,
     fileHandle: false,
+    fsFlags: false,
     fsWatch: false,
     http2: false,
     http: false,
@@ -1308,6 +1336,7 @@ function noRuntimeFeatures(): RuntimeFeatures {
     pki: false,
     ed25519: false,
     processEvents: false,
+    processExtras: false,
     qs: false,
     regex: false,
     searchParams: false,
@@ -1316,6 +1345,7 @@ function noRuntimeFeatures(): RuntimeFeatures {
     moduleNamespace: false,
     moduleNamespaceDyn: false,
     stream: false,
+    strdecDyn: false,
     streamDyn: false,
     handleProps: false,
     childLifecycle: false,
diff --git a/packages/runtime-pack-common/runtime-pack-matrix.mjs b/packages/runtime-pack-common/runtime-pack-matrix.mjs
index d83d8393c..478ee5d24 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-pack-common/runtime-pack-matrix.mjs
+++ b/packages/runtime-pack-common/runtime-pack-matrix.mjs
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ export const BASE_RUNTIME_SOURCES = [
 export const OPTIONAL_RUNTIME_SOURCES = [
   ["scr_copying.c", "copying"],
   ["scr_file_handle.c", "fileHandle"],
+  // writeFile's `flag` disposition and the fs/promises twins; the copyFile
+  // mode form is the SCR_FS_FLAGS build of scr_fs_cp.c.
+  ["scr_fs_flags.c", "fsFlags"],
+  // string_decoder's checked-dynamic chunk forms, apart from scr_bytes.c's
+  // typed twins so a typed program keeps that object byte for byte.
+  ["scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c", "strdecDyn"],
   ["scr_regex.c", "regex"],
   ["scr_glob.c", "regex"],
   ["scr_idna.c", "regex"],
@@ -278,6 +284,37 @@ export function variantsFor(source) {
       when: { warningReplace: true },
       defines: ["SCR_WARNING_REPLACE"],
     });
+    // The process-prepend registries (processExtras) add
+    // scr_process_prepend_uncaught_exception, in a build of its own so the
+    // default object stays put for every program.
+    variants.push({
+      id: "process-extras",
+      when: { processExtras: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS"],
+    });
+    variants.push({
+      id: "warning-replace-process-extras",
+      when: { warningReplace: true, processExtras: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_WARNING_REPLACE", "SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS"],
+    });
+  }
+  // copyFileSync's mode argument reuses scr_fs_cp.c's reflink walk, so the
+  // entry lives in a build of this unit rather than a unit of its own.
+  if (source === "scr_fs_cp.c") {
+    variants.push({
+      id: "flags",
+      when: { fsFlags: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_FS_FLAGS"],
+    });
+  }
+  // server.off / removeListener: the listener-removal entry, in a build of
+  // its own so a program that never removes a listener keeps the default.
+  if (source === "scr_net.c") {
+    variants.push({
+      id: "server-off",
+      when: { processExtras: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_NET_SERVER_OFF"],
+    });
   }
   // Programs with web streams link the promise unit with native promise
   // reactions, the builtin-class unit whose instanceof knows their classes
@@ -331,6 +368,29 @@ export function variantsFor(source) {
       when: { stdioExtended: true, nodeIsland: true },
       defines: ["SCR_STDIO_EXTENDED", "SCR_NODE_ISLANDS"],
     });
+    // processExtras adds the prepend registrations and stdin's raw-mode
+    // flag; the combinations above then need their own builds, since the
+    // variant with the most conditions is the one selected.
+    variants.push({
+      id: "process-extras",
+      when: { processExtras: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS"],
+    });
+    variants.push({
+      id: "process-extras-stdio-extended",
+      when: { processExtras: true, stdioExtended: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS", "SCR_STDIO_EXTENDED"],
+    });
+    variants.push({
+      id: "process-extras-node-island",
+      when: { processExtras: true, nodeIsland: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS", "SCR_NODE_ISLANDS"],
+    });
+    variants.push({
+      id: "process-extras-stdio-extended-node-island",
+      when: { processExtras: true, stdioExtended: true, nodeIsland: true },
+      defines: ["SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS", "SCR_STDIO_EXTENDED", "SCR_NODE_ISLANDS"],
+    });
   }
   // Programs with Node islands link the event loop with the Node island slot;
   // every other program keeps the default object, byte for byte.
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_async.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_async.c
index f26d520f9..0225269f4 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scr_async.c
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_async.c
@@ -3234,11 +3234,6 @@ ScrPromise *scr_fsp_write_file_mode(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, double mode) {
   return scr_promise_settled_void();
 }
 
-ScrPromise *scr_fsp_write_file_flags(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, double mode, double exclusive) {
-  scr_fs_write_file_flags(path, data, mode, exclusive);
-  return scr_promise_settled_void();
-}
-
 ScrPromise *scr_fsp_mkdir(ScrStr *path) {
   scr_fs_mkdir(path);
   return scr_promise_settled_void();
@@ -3299,11 +3294,6 @@ ScrPromise *scr_fsp_copyfile(ScrStr *src, ScrStr *dest) {
   return scr_promise_settled_void();
 }
 
-ScrPromise *scr_fsp_copyfile_flags(ScrStr *src, ScrStr *dest, double mode) {
-  scr_fs_copyfile_flags(src, dest, mode);
-  return scr_promise_settled_void();
-}
-
 /* readFile(path, encoding | { encoding }): the encoding is checked first,
  * so an unknown name rejects before the read. */
 ScrPromise *scr_fsp_read_file_encoded(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *encoding) {
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_async_dyn.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_async_dyn.c
index 99c17eeca..6ad771b17 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scr_async_dyn.c
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_async_dyn.c
@@ -341,11 +341,7 @@ static bool scr_rej_check_listener(ScrDyn *fn) {
   return false;
 }
 
-/* The registration body: `prepend` puts the listener in FRONT of the
- * registry's existing entries (process.prependListener — Node's
- * EventEmitter order), the plain form appends. */
-static void scr_rej_push_at(ScrRejListener **list, size_t *n, size_t *cap, ScrDyn *fn, bool once,
-                            bool prepend) {
+static void scr_rej_push(ScrRejListener **list, size_t *n, size_t *cap, ScrDyn *fn, bool once) {
   if (*n == *cap) {
     *cap = *cap ? *cap * 2 : 4;
     *list = realloc(*list, *cap * sizeof **list);
@@ -354,18 +350,7 @@ static void scr_rej_push_at(ScrRejListener **list, size_t *n, size_t *cap, ScrDy
   ScrRejState *state = calloc(1, sizeof *state);
   if (!state) scr_ad_oom();
   state->refs = 1;
-  ScrRejListener entry = (ScrRejListener){scr_dyn_retain(fn), once, ++scr_rej_id, state};
-  if (prepend) {
-    memmove(*list + 1, *list, *n * sizeof **list);
-    (*list)[0] = entry;
-    (*n)++;
-  } else {
-    (*list)[(*n)++] = entry;
-  }
-}
-
-static void scr_rej_push(ScrRejListener **list, size_t *n, size_t *cap, ScrDyn *fn, bool once) {
-  scr_rej_push_at(list, n, cap, fn, once, false);
+  (*list)[(*n)++] = (ScrRejListener){scr_dyn_retain(fn), once, ++scr_rej_id, state};
 }
 
 static void scr_rej_remove(ScrRejListener *list, size_t *n, ScrDyn *fn) {
@@ -482,32 +467,32 @@ static void scr_uncaught_teardown(void) {
   scr_uncaught_sync_hook();
 }
 
-/* Arm the registry's exit-time teardown once, whichever entry point
- * registers first. */
-static void scr_uncaught_arm(void) {
-  static SCR_TL bool armed = false;
-  if (armed) return;
-  armed = true;
-  scr_atexit(scr_uncaught_teardown);
-}
-
 void scr_process_on_uncaught_exception(ScrDyn *fn, bool once, bool monitor) {
   if (!scr_rej_check_listener(fn)) return;
-  scr_uncaught_arm();
+  static SCR_TL bool armed = false;
+  if (!armed) { armed = true; scr_atexit(scr_uncaught_teardown); }
   size_t k = monitor ? 1 : 0;
   scr_rej_push(&scr_uncaught_ls[k], &scr_uncaught_n[k], &scr_uncaught_cap[k], fn, once);
   scr_uncaught_sync_hook();
 }
 
+#ifdef SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS
 /* process.prependListener("uncaughtException"[Monitor], fn): the same
- * listener in front of the registry's existing entries. */
+ * listener in FRONT of the registry's existing entries (Node's
+ * EventEmitter order). The append path above registers it and the new entry
+ * then moves to the front, so the two share one registration; a refused
+ * listener (a non-function) left the list alone and nothing moves. */
 void scr_process_prepend_uncaught_exception(ScrDyn *fn, bool monitor) {
-  if (!scr_rej_check_listener(fn)) return;
-  scr_uncaught_arm();
   size_t k = monitor ? 1 : 0;
-  scr_rej_push_at(&scr_uncaught_ls[k], &scr_uncaught_n[k], &scr_uncaught_cap[k], fn, false, true);
-  scr_uncaught_sync_hook();
+  size_t before = scr_uncaught_n[k];
+  scr_process_on_uncaught_exception(fn, false, monitor);
+  if (scr_uncaught_n[k] != before + 1) return;
+  ScrRejListener entry = scr_uncaught_ls[k][scr_uncaught_n[k] - 1];
+  memmove(scr_uncaught_ls[k] + 1, scr_uncaught_ls[k],
+          (scr_uncaught_n[k] - 1) * sizeof *scr_uncaught_ls[k]);
+  scr_uncaught_ls[k][0] = entry;
 }
+#endif
 
 void scr_process_off_uncaught_exception(ScrDyn *fn, bool monitor) {
   if (!scr_rej_check_listener(fn)) return;
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_bytes.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_bytes.c
index 3e7277dc7..6bb56195a 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scr_bytes.c
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_bytes.c
@@ -1509,45 +1509,6 @@ double scr_strdec_next(const ScrStr *enc, double pending, const ScrBytes *chunk)
   return hold;
 }
 
-/* The bytes view of a checked-dynamic write chunk, or NULL for a string
- * chunk (Node's write returns it unchanged, never touching the decoder).
- * Anything that is not a string or an ArrayBufferView throws Node's
- * ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE for "buf". */
-static ScrBytes *scr_strdec_dyn_view(const ScrDyn *chunk, bool *is_string) {
-  *is_string = chunk->kind == SCR_DYN_STR;
-  if (*is_string) return NULL;
-  if (
-      chunk->kind == SCR_DYN_TYPED_REF || chunk->kind == SCR_DYN_BYTES ||
-      scr_buffer_storage_is(chunk)) {
-    return scr_bytes_buffer_source(chunk);
-  }
-  scr_dyn_arg_type_fail("buf", "an instance of Buffer, TypedArray, or DataView", chunk);
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/* decoder.write(chunk) where the chunk crossed the checked-dynamic
- * boundary (`stream.on("data", (data) => decoder.write(data))`). */
-ScrStr *scr_strdec_write_dyn(const ScrStr *enc, double pending, const ScrDyn *chunk) {
-  bool is_string = false;
-  ScrBytes *view = scr_strdec_dyn_view(chunk, &is_string);
-  if (is_string) return scr_str_retain(chunk->v.str);
-  if (!view) return NULL;
-  ScrStr *out = scr_strdec_write(enc, pending, view);
-  scr_bytes_release(view);
-  return out;
-}
-
-/* The decoder state after that write: a string chunk leaves it alone. */
-double scr_strdec_next_dyn(const ScrStr *enc, double pending, const ScrDyn *chunk) {
-  bool is_string = false;
-  ScrBytes *view = scr_strdec_dyn_view(chunk, &is_string);
-  if (is_string) return pending;
-  if (!view) return 0;
-  double hold = scr_strdec_next(enc, pending, view);
-  scr_bytes_release(view);
-  return hold;
-}
-
 /* decoder.end(): the buffered partial flushes — utf8's truncated sequence
  * becomes its replacement chars (the maximal-subpart rule), base64's
  * remainder encodes (padded; unpadded for base64url), utf16le's held
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c9bd2998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_bytes_strdec_dyn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/* string_decoder's checked-dynamic chunk forms.
+ *
+ * A stream's "data" payload crosses the checked-dynamic boundary, so
+ * decoder.write and decoder.end receive it as an ScrDyn: a string passes
+ * through unchanged without touching the buffered state, an ArrayBufferView
+ * (Buffer, TypedArray, DataView) decodes through scr_bytes.c's per-encoding
+ * helpers with the packed-f64 pending state, and anything else throws Node's
+ * ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE for "buf". They live in their own unit because the
+ * static twins in scr_bytes.c belong only to programs whose chunks are
+ * already typed; those programs keep that object byte for byte. */
+#include "scr_runtime.h"
+
+/* The bytes view of a checked-dynamic write chunk, or NULL for a string
+ * chunk (Node's write returns it unchanged, never touching the decoder).
+ * Anything that is not a string or an ArrayBufferView throws Node's
+ * ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE for "buf". */
+static ScrBytes *scr_strdec_dyn_view(const ScrDyn *chunk, bool *is_string) {
+  *is_string = chunk->kind == SCR_DYN_STR;
+  if (*is_string) return NULL;
+  if (
+      chunk->kind == SCR_DYN_TYPED_REF || chunk->kind == SCR_DYN_BYTES ||
+      scr_buffer_storage_is(chunk)) {
+    return scr_bytes_buffer_source(chunk);
+  }
+  scr_dyn_arg_type_fail("buf", "an instance of Buffer, TypedArray, or DataView", chunk);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* decoder.write(chunk) where the chunk crossed the checked-dynamic
+ * boundary (`stream.on("data", (data) => decoder.write(data))`). */
+ScrStr *scr_strdec_write_dyn(const ScrStr *enc, double pending, const ScrDyn *chunk) {
+  bool is_string = false;
+  ScrBytes *view = scr_strdec_dyn_view(chunk, &is_string);
+  if (is_string) return scr_str_retain(chunk->v.str);
+  if (!view) return NULL;
+  ScrStr *out = scr_strdec_write(enc, pending, view);
+  scr_bytes_release(view);
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* The decoder state after that write: a string chunk leaves it alone. */
+double scr_strdec_next_dyn(const ScrStr *enc, double pending, const ScrDyn *chunk) {
+  bool is_string = false;
+  ScrBytes *view = scr_strdec_dyn_view(chunk, &is_string);
+  if (is_string) return pending;
+  if (!view) return 0;
+  double hold = scr_strdec_next(enc, pending, view);
+  scr_bytes_release(view);
+  return hold;
+}
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_events.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_events.c
index a159c2fdc..aa550a5f3 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scr_events.c
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_events.c
@@ -192,10 +192,7 @@ static bool scr_signal_check(ScrStr *name, ScrDyn *cb) {
   return true;
 }
 
-/* The registration body both entry points share: `prepend` puts the
- * listener in FRONT of the signal's existing ones (process.prependListener
- * — Node's EventEmitter order), the plain form appends. */
-static void scr_signal_add(ScrStr *name, ScrDyn *cb, bool once, bool prepend) {
+void scr_signal_on(ScrStr *name, ScrDyn *cb, bool once) {
   if (!scr_signal_check(name, cb)) return;
   if (!scr_context_is_main()) return;
 #ifdef __wasi__
@@ -245,25 +242,37 @@ static void scr_signal_add(ScrStr *name, ScrDyn *cb, bool once, bool prepend) {
     reg->ls = realloc(reg->ls, reg->cap * sizeof *reg->ls);
     if (!reg->ls) scr_events_oom();
   }
-  ScrSigListener entry =
-      (ScrSigListener){scr_dyn_retain(cb), scr_str_retain(name), once, ++scr_sig_id};
-  if (prepend) {
-    memmove(reg->ls + 1, reg->ls, reg->n * sizeof *reg->ls);
-    reg->ls[0] = entry;
-    reg->n++;
-  } else {
-    reg->ls[reg->n++] = entry;
-  }
+  reg->ls[reg->n++] = (ScrSigListener){scr_dyn_retain(cb), scr_str_retain(name), once, ++scr_sig_id};
 #endif
 }
 
-void scr_signal_on(ScrStr *name, ScrDyn *cb, bool once) {
-  scr_signal_add(name, cb, once, false);
+#ifdef SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS
+/* process.prependListener(<signal>, cb): the same listener in FRONT of the
+ * signal's existing registrations (Node's EventEmitter order). The append
+ * path above registers it and the new entry then moves to the front, so the
+ * two share one registration; a refused or inert registration (a throw, a
+ * non-main context) left the list alone and nothing moves. */
+void scr_signal_prepend(ScrStr *name, ScrDyn *cb) {
+#ifdef __wasi__
+  scr_signal_on(name, cb, false); /* traps, exactly as the append form does */
+#else
+  int sig = scr_signal_from_name(name);
+  if (sig < 0) sig = 0;
+  ScrSigReg *reg = scr_sig_regs;
+  while (reg && reg->sig != sig) reg = reg->next;
+  size_t before = reg ? reg->n : 0;
+  scr_signal_on(name, cb, false);
+  if (!reg) {
+    reg = scr_sig_regs;
+    while (reg && reg->sig != sig) reg = reg->next;
+  }
+  if (!reg || reg->n != before + 1) return;
+  ScrSigListener entry = reg->ls[reg->n - 1];
+  memmove(reg->ls + 1, reg->ls, (reg->n - 1) * sizeof *reg->ls);
+  reg->ls[0] = entry;
+#endif
 }
-
-/* process.prependListener(<signal>, cb): the same listener in front of the
- * signal's existing registrations. */
-void scr_signal_prepend(ScrStr *name, ScrDyn *cb) { scr_signal_add(name, cb, false, true); }
+#endif
 
 static void scr_sig_reg_drop(ScrSigReg *reg) {
   if (reg->sig > 0) {
@@ -1708,6 +1717,31 @@ void scr_process_on_exit(ScrClosure *cb /*moves*/, void (*fn)(ScrClosure *, doub
   scr_exit_n++;
 }
 
+#ifdef SCR_PROCESS_EXTRAS
+/* process.stdin.isRaw: the raw-mode flag of a TTY stdin (1/0); a
+ * pipe-backed stdin has no such flag and answers Node's undefined, which
+ * the emitter's union construction spells -1. */
+double scr_process_stdin_is_raw(void) {
+  if (!scr_context_is_main()) return -1;
+  if (!scr_process_is_tty(0)) return -1;
+  return scr_stdio_raw ? 1.0 : 0.0;
+}
+
+/* process.prependListener("exit", cb): the same listener in FRONT of the
+ * registry's existing entries (Node's EventEmitter order). The append path
+ * above registers it and the new entry then moves to the front, so the two
+ * share one registration; a registry already swept at exit released the
+ * closure and left the list empty, and nothing moves. */
+void scr_process_prepend_exit(ScrClosure *cb /*moves*/, void (*fn)(ScrClosure *, double)) {
+  size_t before = scr_exit_n;
+  scr_process_on_exit(cb, fn, false);
+  if (scr_exit_n != before + 1) return;
+  ScrExitListener entry = scr_exit_ls[scr_exit_n - 1];
+  memmove(scr_exit_ls + 1, scr_exit_ls, (scr_exit_n - 1) * sizeof *scr_exit_ls);
+  scr_exit_ls[0] = entry;
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef SCR_NODE_ISLANDS
 /* Island code's 'exit' listeners, at their registration position among
  * the program's own. */
@@ -1734,37 +1768,6 @@ void scr_process_off_exit_island(uint32_t island) {
 }
 #endif
 
-/* process.stdin.isRaw: the raw-mode flag of a TTY stdin (1/0); a
- * pipe-backed stdin has no such flag and answers Node's undefined, which
- * the emitter's union construction spells -1. */
-double scr_process_stdin_is_raw(void) {
-  if (!scr_context_is_main()) return -1;
-  if (!scr_process_is_tty(0)) return -1;
-  return scr_stdio_raw ? 1.0 : 0.0;
-}
-
-/* process.prependListener("exit", cb): the same listener in front of the
- * registry's existing entries. */
-void scr_process_prepend_exit(ScrClosure *cb /*moves*/, void (*fn)(ScrClosure *, double)) {
-  if (scr_exit_ran) {
-    scr_closure_release(cb);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (scr_exit_n == scr_exit_cap) {
-    scr_exit_cap = scr_exit_cap ? scr_exit_cap * 2 : 2;
-    scr_exit_ls = realloc(scr_exit_ls, scr_exit_cap * sizeof *scr_exit_ls);
-    if (!scr_exit_ls) scr_events_oom();
-  }
-  memmove(scr_exit_ls + 1, scr_exit_ls, scr_exit_n * sizeof *scr_exit_ls);
-  scr_exit_ls[0].cb = cb;
-  scr_exit_ls[0].fn = fn;
-  scr_exit_ls[0].once = false;
-#ifdef SCR_NODE_ISLANDS
-  scr_exit_ls[0].island = 0;
-#endif
-  scr_exit_n++;
-}
-
 void scr_process_off_exit(ScrClosure *cb /*borrowed*/) {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < scr_exit_n; i++) {
 #ifdef SCR_NODE_ISLANDS
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_fs_cp.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_fs_cp.c
index f6c1fd13b..8c49dddb2 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scr_fs_cp.c
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_fs_cp.c
@@ -589,14 +589,19 @@ static void cp_copyfile(const ScrStr *src, const ScrStr *dest, int mode, const c
   if (e) scr_fs_throw2(e, syscall, src, dest);
 }
 
+#if defined(SCR_FS_FLAGS) && !defined(_WIN32)
 /* copyFileSync(src, dest, mode) and copyFile(src, dest, mode): libuv's
  * uv_fs_copyfile with Node's flag bits (the C++ binding's range check and
  * message: any value in [0, 7], truncated to an integer — 1.5 is EXCL).
  * COPYFILE_EXCL (1) fails EEXIST on an existing destination,
  * COPYFILE_FICLONE (2) requests a reflink and falls back to a copy, and
- * COPYFILE_FICLONE_FORCE (4) fails where no reflink is possible. This file
- * excludes _WIN32, whose arm (CopyFileW and its ENOSYS for FICLONE_FORCE)
- * lives in scr_lib.c beside the Win32 fs helpers. */
+ * COPYFILE_FICLONE_FORCE (4) fails where no reflink is possible.
+ *
+ * This is the SCR_FS_FLAGS build of the unit: cp_copyfile is the reflink
+ * walk, and keeping the entry behind a define leaves every program that
+ * never passes a mode with the default object, byte for byte. The Windows
+ * arm (CopyFileW and its ENOSYS for FICLONE_FORCE) sits beside the Win32 fs
+ * helpers in scr_lib.c. */
 void scr_fs_copyfile_flags(ScrStr *src, ScrStr *dest, double mode) {
   if (!(mode >= 0 && mode <= 7)) {
     static const char text[] = "mode is out of range: >= 0 && <= 7";
@@ -607,6 +612,7 @@ void scr_fs_copyfile_flags(ScrStr *src, ScrStr *dest, double mode) {
   if (!scr_fs_path_ok(dest, "dest")) return;
   cp_copyfile(src, dest, (int)mode, "copyfile");
 }
+#endif
 
 /* utimes(dest, atime, mtime) in seconds, through the utimesSync path. */
 static bool cp_utime(const ScrStr *dest, double atime, double mtime) {
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_fs_flags.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_fs_flags.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29f3e07d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_fs_flags.c
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/* fs.writeFile's `flag` option ("w", "wx") and the fs/promises twins of the
+ * flag-aware write and copy forms.
+ *
+ * The write is scr_lib.c's scr_fs_write_file_mode body with the disposition
+ * flag added (the same portable open(2) calls, so it builds for every
+ * target). It lives in this unit rather than beside that function so a
+ * program that never passes `flag` keeps scr_lib.c's object byte for byte;
+ * the fs.copyFile mode form rides scr_fs_cp.c's SCR_FS_FLAGS build, whose
+ * reflink helper it reuses, and that form's Windows arm sits beside the
+ * Win32 path helpers in scr_lib.c. */
+#include "scr_runtime.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <io.h>
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+/* O_BINARY: Windows-only (CRT text mode would translate \n on fd writes);
+ * zero everywhere else. scr_lib.c carries the same guard for its writes. */
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY 0
+#endif
+
+/* Node's mode validation for the options-record write: an integer in
+ * open(2)'s mode_t range. Throws ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE and answers false. */
+static bool scr_fs_write_mode_ok(double mode) {
+  char recv[48], msg[176];
+  scr_num_received(mode, recv);
+  if (!(isfinite(mode) && trunc(mode) == mode)) {
+    int len = snprintf(msg, sizeof msg,
+                       "The value of \"mode\" is out of range. It must be an integer. Received %s",
+                       recv);
+    scr_throw_error_msg_code(SCR_ERR_RANGE, msg, (size_t)len, "ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE");
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (mode < 0 || mode > 4294967295.0) {
+    int len = snprintf(msg, sizeof msg,
+                       "The value of \"mode\" is out of range. It must be >= 0 && <= 4294967295. Received %s",
+                       recv);
+    scr_throw_error_msg_code(SCR_ERR_RANGE, msg, (size_t)len, "ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* The open(2) write behind the flag form: O_TRUNC plus `extra` (only O_EXCL
+ * today), creation mode applying at CREATION only (umask applying) — an
+ * existing file keeps its permissions, exactly Node (which never chmods
+ * here). Same error shapes as the plain form. */
+static void scr_fs_write_file_open(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, mode_t mode, int extra) {
+  if (!scr_fs_path_ok(path, "path")) return;
+  /* O_BINARY: zero on POSIX; on Windows it keeps the CRT from translating
+   * \n in these byte-exact writes (fopen's "wb" path already does). */
+  int fd = open(path->data, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY | extra, mode);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    scr_fs_throw(errno, "open", path);
+    return;
+  }
+  char *owned;
+  const char *bytes = scr_str_utf8(data, &owned);
+  size_t at = 0;
+  while (at < data->len) {
+    ssize_t wrote = write(fd, bytes + at, data->len - at);
+    if (wrote < 0) {
+      if (errno == EINTR) continue;
+      int e = errno;
+      close(fd);
+      scr_str_utf8_end(owned);
+      scr_fs_throw(e, "write", path);
+      return;
+    }
+    at += (size_t)wrote;
+  }
+  scr_str_utf8_end(owned);
+  if (close(fd) != 0) scr_fs_throw(errno, "close", path);
+}
+
+/* writeFileSync(p, data, { mode, flag }): Node's open(2) with the
+ * disposition flag. `exclusive` is "wx" (O_EXCL: EEXIST when the path
+ * exists); 0 is "w", the default truncate-or-create. */
+void scr_fs_write_file_flags(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, double mode, double exclusive) {
+  if (!scr_fs_write_mode_ok(mode)) return;
+  scr_fs_write_file_open(path, data, (mode_t)mode, exclusive != 0 ? O_EXCL : 0);
+}
+
+/* fs.promises.writeFile(path, data, { mode, flag }) and
+ * fs.promises.copyFile(src, dest, mode): the settled-promise twins of
+ * fs.writeFileFlagsSync and fs.copyFileFlagsSync. */
+ScrPromise *scr_fsp_write_file_flags(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, double mode, double exclusive) {
+  scr_fs_write_file_flags(path, data, mode, exclusive);
+  return scr_promise_settled_void();
+}
+
+ScrPromise *scr_fsp_copyfile_flags(ScrStr *src, ScrStr *dest, double mode) {
+  scr_fs_copyfile_flags(src, dest, mode);
+  return scr_promise_settled_void();
+}
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_lib.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_lib.c
index d4d84a6e8..418c3bfe2 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scr_lib.c
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_lib.c
@@ -3531,9 +3531,12 @@ void scr_fs_write_file(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data) {
   scr_fs_write_common(path, data, "wb");
 }
 
-/* Node's mode validation for the options-record write: an integer in
- * open(2)'s mode_t range. Throws ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE and answers false. */
-static bool scr_fs_write_mode_ok(double mode) {
+/* writeFileSync(p, data, { mode }): the mode is open(2)'s O_CREAT
+ * argument — it applies at CREATION only (umask applying), and an
+ * existing file keeps its permissions, exactly Node (which never chmods
+ * here). Same error shapes as the plain form. */
+void scr_fs_write_file_mode(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, double mode) {
+  if (!scr_fs_path_ok(path, "path")) return;
   char recv[48], msg[176];
   scr_num_received(mode, recv);
   if (!(isfinite(mode) && trunc(mode) == mode)) {
@@ -3541,27 +3544,18 @@ static bool scr_fs_write_mode_ok(double mode) {
                        "The value of \"mode\" is out of range. It must be an integer. Received %s",
                        recv);
     scr_throw_error_msg_code(SCR_ERR_RANGE, msg, (size_t)len, "ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE");
-    return false;
+    return;
   }
   if (mode < 0 || mode > 4294967295.0) {
     int len = snprintf(msg, sizeof msg,
                        "The value of \"mode\" is out of range. It must be >= 0 && <= 4294967295. Received %s",
                        recv);
     scr_throw_error_msg_code(SCR_ERR_RANGE, msg, (size_t)len, "ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE");
-    return false;
+    return;
   }
-  return true;
-}
-
-/* The open(2) write behind the mode/flag forms: O_TRUNC plus `extra` (only
- * O_EXCL today), creation mode applying at CREATION only (umask applying) —
- * an existing file keeps its permissions, exactly Node (which never chmods
- * here). Same error shapes as the plain form. */
-static void scr_fs_write_file_open(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, mode_t mode, int extra) {
-  if (!scr_fs_path_ok(path, "path")) return;
   /* O_BINARY: zero on POSIX; on Windows it keeps the CRT from translating
    * \n in these byte-exact writes (fopen's "wb" path already does). */
-  int fd = open(path->data, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY | extra, mode);
+  int fd = open(path->data, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, (mode_t)mode);
   if (fd < 0) {
     scr_fs_throw(errno, "open", path);
     return;
@@ -3585,22 +3579,6 @@ static void scr_fs_write_file_open(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, mode_t mode, int
   if (close(fd) != 0) scr_fs_throw(errno, "close", path);
 }
 
-/* writeFileSync(p, data, { mode }). */
-void scr_fs_write_file_mode(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, double mode) {
-  if (!scr_fs_path_ok(path, "path")) return;
-  if (!scr_fs_write_mode_ok(mode)) return;
-  scr_fs_write_file_open(path, data, (mode_t)mode, 0);
-}
-
-/* writeFileSync(p, data, { mode, flag }): Node's open(2) with the
- * disposition flag. `exclusive` is "wx" (O_EXCL: EEXIST when the path
- * exists); 0 is "w", the default truncate-or-create. */
-void scr_fs_write_file_flags(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data, double mode, double exclusive) {
-  if (!scr_fs_path_ok(path, "path")) return;
-  if (!scr_fs_write_mode_ok(mode)) return;
-  scr_fs_write_file_open(path, data, (mode_t)mode, exclusive != 0 ? O_EXCL : 0);
-}
-
 void scr_fs_append_file(ScrStr *path, ScrStr *data) {
   scr_fs_write_common(path, data, "ab");
 }
@@ -4694,6 +4672,12 @@ static bool scr_fs_win_same_file(const WCHAR *a, const WCHAR *b) {
          first.nFileIndexLow == second.nFileIndexLow;
 }
 
+/* The Win32 arm of copyFile's mode form (scr_fs_cp.c's SCR_FS_FLAGS build
+ * has the POSIX one; writeFile's flag form is portable and lives in
+ * scr_fs_flags.c). It sits here because the wide-path and errno helpers
+ * above are this file's; _WIN32 excludes it from the POSIX builds, so every
+ * other platform's scr_lib.c object is unchanged. */
+
 /* copyFileSync(src, dest, mode) and copyFile(src, dest, mode): libuv's
  * fs__copyfile in src/win/fs.c. CopyFileW carries only COPYFILE_EXCL (its
  * bFailIfExists flag); COPYFILE_FICLONE (2) falls back to a plain copy and
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scr_net.c b/packages/runtime/src/scr_net.c
index c17c8b004..477fd9ab7 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scr_net.c
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scr_net.c
@@ -2438,9 +2438,12 @@ void scr_net_server_on_close(ScrNetServer *s, ScrClosure *cb /*moves*/, bool onc
   scr_net_ls_add(&s->close_ls, cb, NULL, once);
 }
 
+#ifdef SCR_NET_SERVER_OFF
 /* server.off(event, cb) / removeListener: the LAST listener standing for
  * the same function leaves the event's list — Node's EventEmitter removes
- * the most recently added match, so the scan runs back to front. */
+ * the most recently added match, so the scan runs back to front. The
+ * SCR_NET_SERVER_OFF build of the unit carries it, so a program that never
+ * removes a listener keeps the default object byte for byte. */
 void scr_net_server_off(ScrNetServer *s, ScrClosure *cb /*borrowed*/, double kind) {
   ScrNetLs *l = kind == SCR_NET_OFF_ERROR      ? &s->err_ls
                 : kind == SCR_NET_OFF_CLOSE    ? &s->close_ls
@@ -2461,6 +2464,7 @@ void scr_net_server_off(ScrNetServer *s, ScrClosure *cb /*borrowed*/, double kin
     return;
   }
 }
+#endif
 
 /* server.on('listening', cb): joins the deferred 'listening' list the
  * listen(port, cb) callback rides (the sweep fires it once after a