diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useNavigationTargets.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useNavigationTargets.spec.ts
index 0010ef1771..448736b053 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useNavigationTargets.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/composables/__tests__/useNavigationTargets.spec.ts
@@ -354,4 +354,36 @@ describe("useNavigationTargets openTableTarget", () => {
     // 无取消请求：元数据落地后按既有行为执行第二次查询
     expect(mocks.executeTabSql).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
   });
+
+  it("retries without the synthetic row-id locator when the engine rejects system columns (Hologres, #12647)", async () => {
+    const { resetRowIdLocatorStateForTests, rowIdLocatorUnsupported } = await import("@/lib/table/tableRowIdSupport");
+    resetRowIdLocatorStateForTests();
+    expect(rowIdLocatorUnsupported("connection-1")).toBe(false);
+    // Hologres-like: keyless PostgreSQL base table; the engine rejects every
+    // locator-bearing SELECT (tableoid/ctid/xmin do not exist there).
+    mocks.databaseType = "postgres";
+    mocks.getColumns.mockResolvedValue([{ ...column("payload"), is_primary_key: false }]);
+    mocks.listIndexes.mockResolvedValue([]);
+    mocks.buildTableSelectSql.mockImplementation(async ({ tableName, includeRowId }: { tableName: string; includeRowId?: boolean }) => (includeRowId ? `SELECT tableoid::text || ':' || ctid::text || ':' || xmin::text AS "__DBX_ROWID", * FROM ${tableName}` : `SELECT * FROM ${tableName}`));
+    mocks.executeTabSql.mockImplementation(async (id: string, sql?: string) => {
+      const tab = mocks.tabs.find((item) => item.id === id);
+      if (!tab || typeof sql !== "string") return;
+      if (sql.includes("__DBX_ROWID")) {
+        tab.result = { columns: ["db error"], rows: [['ERROR: column "tableoid" does not exist']], affected_rows: 0, execution_time_ms: 1, execution_error: true } as QueryTab["result"];
+      } else {
+        tab.result = { columns: ["payload"], rows: [[1]], affected_rows: 0, execution_time_ms: 1 } as QueryTab["result"];
+      }
+    });
+
+    await useNavigationTargets(dialogs).openTableTarget({ connectionId: "connection-1", database: "app", tableName: "users", tableType: "TABLE" });
+
+    const executedSql = mocks.executeTabSql.mock.calls.map((call) => String(call[1]));
+    expect(executedSql.some((sql) => sql.includes("__DBX_ROWID"))).toBe(true);
+    // Same degradation contract as the sidebar open path: replay once without
+    // the locator so the table still opens (read-only), then remember the
+    // connection so later opens skip the locator up front.
+    expect(executedSql.some((sql) => !sql.includes("__DBX_ROWID") && sql.includes("FROM users"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(rowIdLocatorUnsupported("connection-1")).toBe(true);
+    resetRowIdLocatorStateForTests();
+  });
 });
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/composables/useNavigationTargets.ts b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useNavigationTargets.ts
index 6525f2580a..bebd363416 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/composables/useNavigationTargets.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/composables/useNavigationTargets.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { buildTableSelectSql, requiresEagerTableMetadataForDataOpen } from "@/li
 import { resolveTableDefaultSort, applyTableDefaultSortResult } from "@/lib/table/tableDefaultSort";
 import { tableDataLargeValuePreviewOptions } from "@/lib/dataGrid/dataGridLargeValues";
 import { editableRowIdentifierColumns, physicalTablePrimaryKeys, shouldIncludeSyntheticRowId } from "@/lib/table/tableEditing";
-import { rowIdLocatorUnsupported } from "@/lib/table/tableRowIdSupport";
+import { markRowIdLocatorUnsupported, rowIdLocatorUnsupported, shouldKeepRowIdLocatorDisabled, shouldRetryWithoutRowIdLocator } from "@/lib/table/tableRowIdSupport";
 import { tableOpenPageLimit } from "@/lib/table/tableOpenPageLimit";
 import { uuid } from "@/lib/common/utils";
 import { beginDataTabNavigation, endDataTabNavigation, isCurrentDataTabNavigation } from "@/lib/tabs/dataTabNavigationGeneration";
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ async function openTableTarget(target: NavigationTarget, options: NavigationOpen
     const eagerPrimaryKeys = eagerMetadata?.metadata.primaryKeys ?? [];
     const eagerIncludeRowId = Boolean(eagerMetadata) && shouldIncludeSyntheticRowId(effectiveDbType, eagerPrimaryKeys, targetTableType) && !rowIdLocatorUnsupported(target.connectionId);
     const defaultSort = resolveTableDefaultSort(settingsStore.editorSettings, effectiveDbType, physicalTablePrimaryKeys(eagerColumns, eagerMetadata?.metadata.indexes, effectiveDbType), identifierQuote);
-    const sql = await buildTableSelectSql({
+    const tableSelectSqlOptions = {
       databaseType: effectiveDbType,
       driverProfile: config.driver_profile,
       serverVersion: connectionStore.getConfig(target.connectionId)?.database_info?.productVersion,
@@ -238,7 +238,8 @@ async function openTableTarget(target: NavigationTarget, options: NavigationOpen
       ...tableDataLargeValuePreviewOptions(effectiveDbType, eagerColumns, eagerPrimaryKeys, pageLimit, config.db_type === "jdbc"),
       whereInput: target.whereInput,
       limit: pageLimit,
-    });
+    };
+    const sql = await buildTableSelectSql(tableSelectSqlOptions);
     if (!isPreparationCurrent() || !isCurrentGeneration()) return;
     queryStore.updateSql(tabId, sql);
     queryStore.setTableMeta(tabId, {
@@ -265,6 +266,19 @@ async function openTableTarget(target: NavigationTarget, options: NavigationOpen
     const cancelRequestedDuringExecute = (tabAfterFirstExecute?.cancelRequestCount ?? 0) > cancelCountBeforeExecute;
     const firstQueryFailed = cancelRequestedDuringExecute || tabAfterFirstExecute?.isCancelling === true || (firstResult !== undefined && isQueryExecutionErrorResult(firstResult));
     if (!firstQueryFailed && targetTab) applyTableDefaultSortResult(targetTab, defaultSort, queryStore.sortTabResultLocally);
+    // 引擎拒绝合成行定位器（Hologres 等无系统列的 PG 兼容引擎拒 tableoid/
+    // ctid/xmin，#12647）：首查 SQL 带 __DBX_ROWID 而失败时，去掉定位器重试
+    // 一次，表仍可打开（只读）；成功后记住该连接，后续打开直接跳过定位器。
+    // 与侧边栏打开/数据页签刷新路径同一降级契约；用户主动停止不重试。
+    if (!cancelRequestedDuringExecute && tabAfterFirstExecute?.isCancelling !== true && shouldRetryWithoutRowIdLocator(sql, firstResult)) {
+      const fallbackSql = await buildTableSelectSql({ ...tableSelectSqlOptions, includeRowId: false });
+      if (!isCurrentTarget() || !isCurrentGeneration()) return;
+      queryStore.updateSql(tabId, fallbackSql);
+      await queryStore.executeTabSql(tabId, fallbackSql, { pagination: { limit: pageLimit, offset: 0 } });
+      if (!isCurrentTarget()) return;
+      const retryTab = queryStore.tabs.find((tab) => tab.id === tabId);
+      if (shouldKeepRowIdLocatorDisabled(retryTab?.result)) markRowIdLocatorUnsupported(target.connectionId);
+    }
     // executeTabSql surfaces query failures as an "Error" result instead of throwing.
     // A snapshot-less lake table fails the data preview above but its metadata still
     // reads fine — retry with LIMIT 0 so the user sees the table structure (columns +