OpenShell/docs/tutorials/github-sandbox.md

title, description, topics, tags, content

title	description	topics	tags	content
page nav Set Up a Sandbox of Claude Code with a Custom GitHub Policy GitHub Sandbox Tutorial	Learn the iterative policy workflow by launching a sandbox, diagnosing a GitHub access denial, and applying a custom policy to fix it.	Generative AI Cybersecurity	Tutorial GitHub Sandbox Policy Claude Code	type difficulty audience how_to technical_intermediate engineer

Set Up a Sandbox of Claude Code with a Custom GitHub Policy

This tutorial walks through the iterative policy workflow. You launch a sandbox, ask Claude Code to push code to GitHub, get blocked by the default network policy, diagnose the denial from two angles — the OpenShell Terminal on your laptop and the sandbox logs from inside — and then apply a custom policy to fix it, all without recreating the sandbox.

After completing this tutorial, you will have:

• A running sandbox with Claude Code that can push to a GitHub repository.
• A custom network policy that grants GitHub access for a specific repository.
• Experience with the policy iteration workflow: fail, diagnose, update, verify.

:::{note} This tutorial shows example prompts and responses from Claude Code. The exact wording you see may differ between sessions — use the examples as a guide for the type of interaction, not as expected output. :::

Prerequisites

This tutorial requires the following:

• Completed the {doc}Quickstart </get-started/quickstart> tutorial.
• A GitHub personal access token (PAT) with repo scope. To create one, go to GitHub Settings > Developer settings > Personal access tokens, select Generate new token (classic), check the repo scope, and copy the token.
• Your own Anthropic account for Claude Code. OpenShell provides the sandbox, not the agent — you need your own account to log in to Claude Code.
• A public GitHub repository you own (used as the push target). A scratch or test repository works well — the tutorial pushes a small file to it. You can create a new repository with a README if you do not have one handy.

:::{important} This tutorial uses two terminals throughout:

• Terminal 1 (sandbox) — The terminal where you launch the sandbox. Claude Code runs here. You interact with the agent in this terminal.
• Terminal 2 (laptop) — A separate terminal on your laptop. You use this for openshell term, openshell policy set, and other CLI commands that manage the sandbox from the outside.

Each section below indicates which terminal to use. :::

Launch the Sandbox

Terminal 1 (sandbox) — Create a sandbox and start Claude Code. No custom policy is needed yet — the {doc}default policy </reference/default-policy> is applied automatically.

::::{tab-set}

:::{tab-item} Starting a new sandbox

Create a {doc}credential provider </sandboxes/providers> that injects your GitHub token into the sandbox automatically. The provider reads GITHUB_TOKEN from your host environment and sets it as an environment variable inside the sandbox:

$ GITHUB_TOKEN=<your-token>
$ openshell provider create --name my-github --type github --from-existing
$ openshell sandbox create --provider my-github --keep -- claude

:::

:::{tab-item} Using an existing sandbox

Connect to a sandbox that is already running and set your GitHub token as an environment variable:

$ openshell sandbox connect <sandbox-name>
$ export GITHUB_TOKEN=<your-token>

:::

::::

The --keep flag keeps the sandbox running after Claude Code exits, so you can apply policy updates later without recreating the environment.

Claude Code starts inside the sandbox. Log in through your preferred authentication method and trust the /sandbox workspace when prompted.

Push Code to GitHub

Terminal 1 (sandbox) — Ask Claude Code to write a simple script and push it to your repository:

Write a hello_world.py script and push it to https://github.com/<org>/<repo>.

Claude recognizes that it needs GitHub credentials. It asks how you want to authenticate. Provide your GitHub personal access token by pasting it into the conversation. Claude configures authentication and attempts the push.

The push fails. Claude reports an error — but the failure is not an authentication problem. The default sandbox policy does not permit outbound requests to GitHub, so the proxy blocks the connection before the request reaches GitHub's servers.

Diagnose the Denial

View the logs from your laptop

Terminal 2 (laptop) — Open a separate terminal on your laptop and launch the OpenShell Terminal:

$ openshell term

The dashboard shows sandbox status and a live stream of policy decisions. Look for entries with l7_decision=deny. Select a deny entry to see the full detail:

l7_action:      PUT
l7_target:      /repos/<org>/<repo>/contents/hello_world.py
l7_decision:    deny
dst_host:       api.github.com
dst_port:       443
l7_protocol:    rest
policy:         github_rest_api
l7_deny_reason: PUT /repos/<org>/<repo>/contents/hello_world.py not permitted by policy

The log shows that the sandbox proxy intercepted an outbound PUT request to api.github.com and denied it. The github_rest_api policy allows read operations (GET) but blocks write operations (PUT, POST, DELETE) to the GitHub API. A similar denial appears for github.com if Claude attempted a git push over HTTPS.

Ask Claude to check the sandbox logs

Terminal 1 (sandbox) — Switch back to Claude Code. Ask it to check the sandbox logs for denied requests:

Check the sandbox logs for any denied network requests. What is blocking the push?

Claude reads the deny entries and identifies the root cause. It explains that the failure is a sandbox network policy restriction, not a token permissions issue:

The sandbox runs a proxy that enforces policies on outbound traffic. The github_rest_api policy allows GET requests (used to read the file) but blocks PUT/write requests to GitHub. This is a sandbox-level restriction, not a token issue — no matter what token you provide, pushes via the API will be blocked until the policy is updated.

Both perspectives confirm the same thing: the proxy is doing its job. The default policy is designed to be restrictive. To allow GitHub pushes, you need to update the network policy.

Copy the deny reason from Claude's response — you will paste it into your laptop agent in the next step.

Update the Policy from Your Laptop

Terminal 2 (laptop) — Paste the deny reason from the previous step into your coding agent (for example, Claude Code or Cursor running on your laptop) and ask it to update the sandbox policy. The deny reason gives the agent the context it needs to generate the correct policy rules.

The agent inspects the deny reasons, writes an updated policy that adds github_git and github_api blocks for your repository, and runs openshell policy set to apply it:

$ openshell policy set <sandbox-name> --policy /tmp/sandbox-policy-update.yaml --wait

Your coding agent generates both the policy file and this command. Network policies are hot-reloadable — the --wait flag blocks until the policy engine confirms the new revision loaded, and the update takes effect immediately without restarting the sandbox or reconnecting Claude Code.

:::{dropdown} Full reference policy

The following YAML shows a complete policy that extends the {doc}default policy </reference/default-policy> with GitHub access for a single repository. This is representative of what a coding agent generates when asked to unblock GitHub pushes. Replace <org> with your GitHub organization or username and <repo> with your repository name.

version: 1

# ── Static (locked at sandbox creation) ──────────────────────────

filesystem_policy:
  include_workdir: true
  read_only:
    - /usr
    - /lib
    - /proc
    - /dev/urandom
    - /app
    - /etc
    - /var/log
  read_write:
    - /sandbox
    - /tmp
    - /dev/null

landlock:
  compatibility: best_effort

process:
  run_as_user: sandbox
  run_as_group: sandbox

# ── Dynamic (hot-reloadable) ─────────────────────────────────────

network_policies:

  # Claude Code ↔ Anthropic API
  claude_code:
    name: claude-code
    endpoints:
      - { host: api.anthropic.com, port: 443, protocol: rest, enforcement: enforce, access: full, tls: terminate }
      - { host: statsig.anthropic.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: sentry.io, port: 443 }
      - { host: raw.githubusercontent.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: platform.claude.com, port: 443 }
    binaries:
      - { path: /usr/local/bin/claude }
      - { path: /usr/bin/node }

  # NVIDIA inference endpoint
  nvidia_inference:
    name: nvidia-inference
    endpoints:
      - { host: integrate.api.nvidia.com, port: 443 }
    binaries:
      - { path: /usr/bin/curl }
      - { path: /bin/bash }
      - { path: /usr/local/bin/opencode }

  # ── GitHub: git operations (clone, fetch, push) ──────────────

  github_git:
    name: github-git
    endpoints:
      - host: github.com
        port: 443
        protocol: rest
        tls: terminate
        enforcement: enforce
        rules:
          - allow:
              method: GET
              path: "/<org>/<repo>.git/info/refs*"
          - allow:
              method: POST
              path: "/<org>/<repo>.git/git-upload-pack"
          - allow:
              method: POST
              path: "/<org>/<repo>.git/git-receive-pack"
    binaries:
      - { path: /usr/bin/git }

  # ── GitHub: REST API ─────────────────────────────────────────

  github_api:
    name: github-api
    endpoints:
      - host: api.github.com
        port: 443
        protocol: rest
        tls: terminate
        enforcement: enforce
        rules:
          # GraphQL API (used by gh CLI)
          - allow:
              method: POST
              path: "/graphql"
          # Full read-write access to the repository
          - allow:
              method: "*"
              path: "/repos/<org>/<repo>/**"
    binaries:
      - { path: /usr/local/bin/claude }
      - { path: /usr/local/bin/opencode }
      - { path: /usr/bin/gh }
      - { path: /usr/bin/curl }

  # ── Package managers ─────────────────────────────────────────

  pypi:
    name: pypi
    endpoints:
      - { host: pypi.org, port: 443 }
      - { host: files.pythonhosted.org, port: 443 }
      - { host: github.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: objects.githubusercontent.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: api.github.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: downloads.python.org, port: 443 }
    binaries:
      - { path: /sandbox/.venv/bin/python }
      - { path: /sandbox/.venv/bin/python3 }
      - { path: /sandbox/.venv/bin/pip }
      - { path: /app/.venv/bin/python }
      - { path: /app/.venv/bin/python3 }
      - { path: /app/.venv/bin/pip }
      - { path: /usr/local/bin/uv }
      - { path: "/sandbox/.uv/python/**" }

  # ── VS Code Remote ──────────────────────────────────────────

  vscode:
    name: vscode
    endpoints:
      - { host: update.code.visualstudio.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: "*.vo.msecnd.net", port: 443 }
      - { host: vscode.download.prss.microsoft.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: marketplace.visualstudio.com, port: 443 }
      - { host: "*.gallerycdn.vsassets.io", port: 443 }
    binaries:
      - { path: /usr/bin/curl }
      - { path: /usr/bin/wget }
      - { path: "/sandbox/.vscode-server/**" }
      - { path: "/sandbox/.vscode-remote-containers/**" }

The following table summarizes the two GitHub-specific blocks:

Block	Endpoint	Behavior
github_git	github.com:443	Git Smart HTTP protocol with TLS termination. Permits info/refs (clone/fetch), git-upload-pack (fetch data), and git-receive-pack (push) for the specified repository. Denies all operations on unlisted repositories.
github_api	api.github.com:443	REST API with TLS termination. Permits all HTTP methods for the specified repository and GraphQL queries. Denies API access to unlisted repositories.

The remaining blocks (claude_code, nvidia_inference, pypi, vscode) are identical to the {doc}default policy </reference/default-policy>. Sandbox behavior outside of GitHub operations is unchanged.

For details on policy block structure, refer to Network Access Rules. :::

Retry the Push

Terminal 1 (sandbox) — Switch back to Claude Code and ask it to retry the push:

The sandbox policy has been updated. Try pushing to the repository again.

The push completes successfully. The openshell term dashboard now shows l7_decision=allow entries for api.github.com and github.com where it previously showed denials.

Next Steps

The following resources cover related topics in greater depth:

• To add per-repository access levels (read-write vs read-only) or restrict to specific API methods, refer to the Policy Schema Reference.
• To learn the full policy iteration workflow (pull, edit, push, verify), refer to {doc}/sandboxes/policies.
• To inject credentials automatically instead of pasting tokens, refer to {doc}/sandboxes/providers.