OpenShell/e2e/python/test_sandbox_policy.py

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

from __future__ import annotations

import json
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING

import pytest

from openshell._proto import datamodel_pb2, sandbox_pb2

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from collections.abc import Callable

    from openshell import Sandbox, SandboxClient


# =============================================================================
# Policy helpers
# =============================================================================

_BASE_FILESYSTEM = sandbox_pb2.FilesystemPolicy(
    include_workdir=True,
    read_only=["/usr", "/lib", "/etc", "/app", "/var/log", "/proc", "/dev/urandom"],
    read_write=["/sandbox", "/tmp"],
)
_BASE_LANDLOCK = sandbox_pb2.LandlockPolicy(compatibility="best_effort")
_BASE_PROCESS = sandbox_pb2.ProcessPolicy(run_as_user="sandbox", run_as_group="sandbox")
# Standard proxy address inside the sandbox network namespace
_PROXY_HOST = "10.200.0.1"
_PROXY_PORT = 3128


def _base_policy(
    network_policies: dict[str, sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule] | None = None,
) -> sandbox_pb2.SandboxPolicy:
    """Build a sandbox policy with standard filesystem/process/landlock settings."""
    return sandbox_pb2.SandboxPolicy(
        version=1,
        filesystem=_BASE_FILESYSTEM,
        landlock=_BASE_LANDLOCK,
        process=_BASE_PROCESS,
        network_policies=network_policies or {},
    )


def _policy_for_python_proxy_tests() -> sandbox_pb2.SandboxPolicy:
    return _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "python": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="python",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="api.openai.com", port=443)
                ],
                binaries=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/sandbox/.uv/python/**/python*")
                ],
            )
        },
    )


# =============================================================================
# Shared test function factories
#
# cloudpickle serializes module-level functions by reference (module + name).
# The sandbox doesn't have this module, so deserialization fails. These
# factories return closures that cloudpickle serializes by value instead.
# =============================================================================


def _proxy_connect():
    """Return a closure that sends a raw CONNECT and returns the status line."""

    def fn(host, port):
        import socket

        conn = socket.create_connection(("10.200.0.1", 3128), timeout=10)
        try:
            conn.sendall(
                f"CONNECT {host}:{port} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {host}\r\n\r\n".encode()
            )
            return conn.recv(256).decode("latin1")
        finally:
            conn.close()

    return fn


def _proxy_connect_then_http():
    """Return a closure that CONNECTs, does TLS + HTTP, returns JSON string."""

    def fn(host, port, method="GET", path="/"):
        import json as _json
        import socket
        import ssl

        conn = socket.create_connection(("10.200.0.1", 3128), timeout=30)
        try:
            conn.sendall(
                f"CONNECT {host}:{port} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {host}\r\n\r\n".encode()
            )
            connect_resp = conn.recv(256).decode("latin1")
            if "200" not in connect_resp:
                return _json.dumps(
                    {"connect_status": connect_resp.strip(), "http_status": 0}
                )

            sock = conn
            if port == 443:
                import os

                ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
                ca_file = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE")
                if ca_file:
                    ctx.load_verify_locations(ca_file)
                sock = ctx.wrap_socket(conn, server_hostname=host)

            sock.settimeout(15)

            request = (
                f"{method} {path} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {host}\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"
            )
            sock.sendall(request.encode())

            # Read response. The L7 relay loops back to parse the next
            # request after relaying, so neither side closes — read until
            # we have headers, then drain body with a short timeout.
            data = b""
            while b"\r\n\r\n" not in data:
                chunk = sock.recv(4096)
                if not chunk:
                    break
                data += chunk

            # Drain body with short timeout
            sock.settimeout(2)
            while len(data) < 65536:
                try:
                    chunk = sock.recv(4096)
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    data += chunk
                except (socket.timeout, TimeoutError):
                    break

            response = data.decode("latin1", errors="replace")
            status_line = response.split("\r\n")[0] if response else ""
            status_code = (
                int(status_line.split()[1]) if len(status_line.split()) >= 2 else 0
            )

            header_end = response.find("\r\n\r\n")
            headers_raw = response[:header_end] if header_end > 0 else ""
            body = response[header_end + 4 :] if header_end > 0 else ""

            return _json.dumps(
                {
                    "connect_status": connect_resp.strip(),
                    "http_status": status_code,
                    "headers": headers_raw,
                    "body": body,
                }
            )
        finally:
            conn.close()

    return fn


def _read_openshell_log():
    """Return a closure that reads the openshell log file(s).

    Since the sandbox uses a rolling file appender, logs are written to
    date-stamped files like ``/var/log/openshell.YYYY-MM-DD.log`` instead
    of a single ``/var/log/openshell.log``.  This helper globs for all
    matching files so tests work with both the legacy and rolling layouts.
    """

    def fn():
        import glob

        logs = []
        for path in sorted(glob.glob("/var/log/openshell*.log*")):
            try:
                with open(path) as f:
                    logs.append(f.read())
            except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError):
                pass
        return "\n".join(logs)

    return fn


def _forward_proxy_with_server():
    """Return a closure that starts an HTTP server and sends a forward proxy request.

    The closure starts a minimal HTTP server on the given port inside the sandbox,
    then sends a plain HTTP forward proxy request (non-CONNECT) through the sandbox
    proxy and returns the raw response.
    """

    def fn(proxy_host, proxy_port, target_host, target_port):
        import socket
        import threading
        import time
        from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer

        class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
            def do_GET(self):
                self.send_response(200)
                body = b"forward-proxy-ok"
                self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
                self.end_headers()
                self.wfile.write(body)

            def log_message(self, *args):
                pass  # suppress log output

        srv = HTTPServer(("0.0.0.0", int(target_port)), Handler)
        threading.Thread(target=srv.handle_request, daemon=True).start()
        time.sleep(0.5)

        conn = socket.create_connection((proxy_host, int(proxy_port)), timeout=10)
        try:
            req = (
                f"GET http://{target_host}:{target_port}/test HTTP/1.1\r\n"
                f"Host: {target_host}:{target_port}\r\n\r\n"
            )
            conn.sendall(req.encode())
            data = b""
            conn.settimeout(5)
            try:
                while True:
                    chunk = conn.recv(4096)
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    data += chunk
            except socket.timeout:
                pass
            return data.decode("latin1")
        finally:
            conn.close()
            srv.server_close()

    return fn


def _forward_proxy_raw():
    """Return a closure that sends a forward proxy request (no server needed).

    For testing deny cases — sends the request and returns whatever the proxy
    responds with.
    """

    def fn(proxy_host, proxy_port, target_url):
        import socket
        from urllib.parse import urlparse

        conn = socket.create_connection((proxy_host, int(proxy_port)), timeout=10)
        try:
            parsed = urlparse(target_url)
            host_header = parsed.netloc or parsed.hostname
            req = f"GET {target_url} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {host_header}\r\n\r\n"
            conn.sendall(req.encode())
            return conn.recv(4096).decode("latin1")
        finally:
            conn.close()

    return fn


def _proxy_connect_then_http_with_server():
    """Return a closure that starts a local HTTP server and sends CONNECT+HTTP."""

    def fn(proxy_host, proxy_port, target_host, target_port, method="GET", path="/"):
        import json as _json
        import socket
        import threading
        import time
        from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer

        class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
            def do_GET(self):
                self.send_response(200)
                body = b"connect-server-ok"
                self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
                self.end_headers()
                self.wfile.write(body)

            def do_POST(self):
                self.send_response(200)
                body = b"connect-server-ok"
                self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
                self.end_headers()
                self.wfile.write(body)

            def log_message(self, *args):
                pass

        srv = HTTPServer(("0.0.0.0", int(target_port)), Handler)
        threading.Thread(target=srv.handle_request, daemon=True).start()
        time.sleep(0.5)

        conn = socket.create_connection((proxy_host, int(proxy_port)), timeout=10)
        try:
            conn.sendall(
                f"CONNECT {target_host}:{target_port} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {target_host}\r\n\r\n".encode()
            )
            connect_resp = conn.recv(256).decode("latin1")
            if "200" not in connect_resp:
                return _json.dumps(
                    {"connect_status": connect_resp.strip(), "http_status": 0}
                )

            request = f"{method} {path} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {target_host}\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"
            conn.sendall(request.encode())

            data = b""
            conn.settimeout(5)
            try:
                while True:
                    chunk = conn.recv(4096)
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    data += chunk
            except socket.timeout:
                pass

            response = data.decode("latin1", errors="replace")
            status_line = response.split("\r\n")[0] if response else ""
            status_code = (
                int(status_line.split()[1]) if len(status_line.split()) >= 2 else 0
            )

            header_end = response.find("\r\n\r\n")
            headers_raw = response[:header_end] if header_end > 0 else ""
            body = response[header_end + 4 :] if header_end > 0 else ""

            return _json.dumps(
                {
                    "connect_status": connect_resp.strip(),
                    "http_status": status_code,
                    "headers": headers_raw,
                    "body": body,
                }
            )
        finally:
            conn.close()
            srv.server_close()

    return fn


def test_policy_applies_to_exec_commands(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    def current_user() -> str:
        import os
        import pwd

        return pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_name

    def write_allowed_files() -> str:
        from pathlib import Path

        Path("/sandbox/allowed.txt").write_text("ok")
        Path("/tmp/allowed.txt").write_text("ok")
        return "ok"

    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=_policy_for_python_proxy_tests())

    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as policy_sandbox:
        user_result = policy_sandbox.exec_python(current_user)
        assert user_result.exit_code == 0, user_result.stderr
        assert user_result.stdout.strip() == "sandbox"

        file_result = policy_sandbox.exec_python(write_allowed_files)
        assert file_result.exit_code == 0, file_result.stderr
        assert file_result.stdout.strip() == "ok"


def test_policy_blocks_unauthorized_proxy_connect(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=_policy_for_python_proxy_tests())
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as policy_sandbox:
        proxy_result = policy_sandbox.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect(), args=("example.com", 443)
        )
        assert proxy_result.exit_code == 0, proxy_result.stderr
        assert "403" in proxy_result.stdout


# =============================================================================
# L4 Tests -- Connection-level OPA policy (host:port + binary identity)
# =============================================================================
#
# L4-1: No network policies -> all CONNECT requests denied
# L4-2: Wildcard binary (/**) + specific endpoint -> any binary can connect
#        but non-listed endpoints still denied
# L4-3: Binary-restricted policy -> matched binary allowed, others denied
# L4-4: Correct endpoint, wrong port -> denied
# L4-5: Multiple disjoint policies -> cross-policy access denied
# L4-6: Non-CONNECT HTTP method -> rejected with 405
# L4-7: Log fields are structured correctly (action, binary, policy, engine)
# =============================================================================


def test_l4_no_policy_denies_all(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L4-1: No matching endpoint in any network policy -> CONNECT denied.

    We need at least one network policy so the proxy and network namespace
    start (empty network_policies disables networking entirely, including
    socket syscalls). The policy allows python->example.com:443 but
    api.anthropic.com:443 should still be denied.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "other": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="other",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="example.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_l4_wildcard_binary_allows_any_binary(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L4-2: Wildcard binary glob allows python (and anything else) to connect."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "wildcard": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="wildcard",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="api.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Python can reach the allowed endpoint
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout

        # Non-listed endpoint is still denied
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("example.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_l4_binary_restricted_denies_wrong_binary(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L4-3: Policy restricted to specific binary denies others.

    Policy allows /usr/bin/curl -> api.anthropic.com:443.
    Python (exec_python uses python) should be denied.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "curl_only": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="curl_only",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="api.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/usr/bin/curl")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Python is NOT the allowed binary -> denied
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_l4_wrong_port_denied(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L4-4: Correct host but wrong port -> denied."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="api.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Port 443 -> allowed
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout

        # Port 80 -> denied
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 80))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_l4_cross_policy_denied(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L4-5: Multiple disjoint policies -> cross-policy access denied.

    Policy A: python -> api.anthropic.com:443
    Policy B: curl -> example.com:443
    Python should NOT reach example.com (that's curl's policy).
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="api.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/sandbox/.uv/python/**/python*")
                ],
            ),
            "other": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="other",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="example.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/usr/bin/curl")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Python -> its own policy endpoint: allowed
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout

        # Python -> curl's policy endpoint: denied
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("example.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_l4_non_connect_method_rejected(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L4-6: Non-CONNECT HTTP method -> rejected with 403."""

    def send_get_to_proxy() -> str:
        import socket

        conn = socket.create_connection(("10.200.0.1", 3128), timeout=10)
        try:
            conn.sendall(
                b"GET http://example.com/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n"
            )
            return conn.recv(256).decode("latin1")
        finally:
            conn.close()

    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "any": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="any",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="example.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(send_get_to_proxy)
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_l4_log_fields(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L4-7: CONNECT log contains structured fields for allow and deny."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="api.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Generate an allow
        sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        # Generate a deny
        sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("example.com", 443))

        log_result = sb.exec_python(_read_openshell_log())
        assert log_result.exit_code == 0, log_result.stderr
        log = log_result.stdout

        # Verify OCSF shorthand fields in allow line
        assert "ALLOWED" in log, "Expected ALLOWED in OCSF shorthand"
        assert "api.anthropic.com" in log, "Expected destination host in log"
        assert "engine:opa" in log, "Expected engine:opa in log context"

        # Verify deny line exists
        assert "DENIED" in log, "Expected DENIED in OCSF shorthand"


# =============================================================================
# SSRF Tests -- Internal IP rejection (defense-in-depth)
#
# The proxy resolves DNS before connecting and rejects any destination that
# resolves to a loopback, RFC1918 private, or link-local address.  These
# tests verify the check works even when OPA policy explicitly allows the
# internal endpoint.
#
# SSRF-1: Loopback (127.0.0.1) blocked despite OPA allow
# SSRF-2: Cloud metadata (169.254.169.254) blocked despite OPA allow
# SSRF-3: Log shows "internal address" block reason
# =============================================================================


def test_ssrf_blocks_loopback_despite_policy_allow(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """SSRF-1: CONNECT to 127.0.0.1 blocked even with explicit OPA allow."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="127.0.0.1", port=80),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("127.0.0.1", 80))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_ssrf_blocks_metadata_endpoint_despite_policy_allow(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """SSRF-2: CONNECT to 169.254.169.254 blocked even with explicit OPA allow."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "metadata": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="metadata",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="169.254.169.254", port=80),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("169.254.169.254", 80))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


def test_ssrf_log_shows_blocked_address(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """SSRF-3: Proxy log includes block reason when SSRF check fires.

    Loopback addresses are always-blocked even with implicit allowed_ips.
    The log should show 'always-blocked' for 127.0.0.1.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="127.0.0.1", port=80),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("127.0.0.1", 80))

        log_result = sb.exec_python(_read_openshell_log())
        assert log_result.exit_code == 0, log_result.stderr
        log = log_result.stdout
        # OCSF shorthand uses "engine:ssrf" for SSRF blocks
        assert "engine:ssrf" in log.lower() or "ssrf" in log.lower(), (
            f"Expected SSRF block indicator in proxy log, got:\n{log}"
        )


# =============================================================================
# SSRF Tests -- allowed_ips (CIDR-based private IP access)
#
# When an endpoint has `allowed_ips`, the proxy validates resolved IPs against
# the CIDR allowlist instead of blanket-blocking all private IPs.
# Loopback and link-local remain always-blocked regardless.
#
# SSRF-4: Private IP allowed with allowed_ips (mode 2: host + IPs)
# SSRF-5: Private IP allowed with allowed_ips (mode 3: IPs only, no host)
# SSRF-6: Private IP still blocked without allowed_ips (default behavior)
# SSRF-7: Loopback always blocked even with allowed_ips covering 127.0.0.0/8
# =============================================================================


def test_ssrf_allowed_ips_permits_private_ip(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """SSRF-4: CONNECT to private IP succeeds when allowed_ips covers it.

    Uses 10.200.0.1 (the proxy's own host-side veth IP) as the target.
    The connection attempt will fail at the TCP level (nothing listening on
    port 19999) but the proxy should return 200 Connection Established
    instead of 403, proving the SSRF check passed.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="10.200.0.1",
                        port=19999,
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("10.200.0.1", 19999))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        # Should get 200 (connection established) — not 403.
        # The actual TCP connection may fail but the SSRF check passed.
        assert "403" not in result.stdout, (
            "Expected SSRF check to pass with allowed_ips, but got 403"
        )


def test_ssrf_allowed_ips_hostless_permits_private_ip(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """SSRF-5: CONNECT to private IP succeeds with hostless allowed_ips (mode 3).

    An endpoint with no host but with allowed_ips matches any hostname on the
    given port. The resolved IP must be in the allowlist.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "private_net": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="private_net",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        # No host — matches any hostname on this port
                        port=19999,
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("10.200.0.1", 19999))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" not in result.stdout, (
            "Expected SSRF check to pass with hostless allowed_ips, but got 403"
        )


def test_ssrf_private_ip_allowed_with_literal_ip_host(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """SSRF-6: Private IP allowed when policy host is a literal IP address.

    When the policy endpoint host is a literal IP, the user has explicitly
    declared intent.  The proxy synthesizes an implicit allowed_ips entry,
    so the CONNECT succeeds (200) even without explicit allowed_ips.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal",
                endpoints=[
                    # No allowed_ips — but host is a literal IP, so implicit
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="10.200.0.1", port=19999),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("10.200.0.1", 19999))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        # Should not get 403 — the SSRF check should pass.
        # The actual TCP connection may fail (nothing listening on 19999)
        # so recv() might return empty, but 403 must not appear.
        assert "403" not in result.stdout, (
            "Expected SSRF check to pass for literal IP host, but got 403"
        )


def test_ssrf_loopback_blocked_even_with_allowed_ips(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """SSRF-7: Loopback always blocked even when allowed_ips covers 127.0.0.0/8."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="127.0.0.1",
                        port=80,
                        allowed_ips=["127.0.0.0/8"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("127.0.0.1", 80))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout, (
            "Expected loopback to be blocked even with allowed_ips"
        )


# =============================================================================
# L7 Tests -- TLS termination HTTPS inspection (Phase 2: tls=terminate)
#
# These tests use api.anthropic.com:443 as a real HTTPS endpoint since the
# sandbox already has proxy connectivity. The ephemeral CA is trusted via
# SSL_CERT_FILE injected into the sandbox environment.
#
# L7-T1: TLS terminate + access=full allows HTTPS requests through
# L7-T2: TLS terminate + access=read-only denies HTTPS POST (enforce)
# L7-T3: TLS terminate + enforcement=audit logs but allows HTTPS POST
# L7-T4: TLS terminate with explicit path rules
# L7-T5: CA trust store is injected (SSL_CERT_FILE, NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS)
# L7-T6: L7 deny response is valid JSON with expected fields
# L7-T7: L7 request logging includes structured fields
# L7-T8: Port 443 + protocol=rest without tls=terminate warns (L7 not evaluated)
# L7-T9: Query matcher glob/any allows and denies as expected
# L7-T10: Rule without query matcher allows any query params
# =============================================================================


def test_l7_tls_full_access_allows_all(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T1: TLS terminate + access=full allows HTTPS GET through."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        tls="terminate",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        access="full",
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "GET", "/v1/models"),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        resp = json.loads(result.stdout)
        assert "200" in resp["connect_status"]
        # Upstream returns a real response (likely 401 without auth, but not 403 from proxy)
        assert resp["http_status"] != 0
        assert resp["http_status"] != 403  # Not a proxy deny


def test_l7_tls_read_only_denies_post(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T2: TLS terminate + access=read-only denies HTTPS POST (enforce)."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        tls="terminate",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        access="read-only",
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # GET should be allowed through (read-only permits GET)
        get_result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "GET", "/v1/models"),
        )
        assert get_result.exit_code == 0, get_result.stderr
        get_resp = json.loads(get_result.stdout)
        assert get_resp["http_status"] != 403  # Not proxy denied

        # POST should be denied by the proxy with 403
        post_result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "POST", "/v1/messages"),
        )
        assert post_result.exit_code == 0, post_result.stderr
        post_resp = json.loads(post_result.stdout)
        assert post_resp["http_status"] == 403
        assert "policy_denied" in post_resp["body"]


def test_l7_tls_audit_mode_allows_but_logs(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T3: TLS terminate + enforcement=audit logs but allows HTTPS POST."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        tls="terminate",
                        enforcement="audit",
                        access="read-only",
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # POST goes through in audit mode (not denied)
        post_result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "POST", "/v1/messages"),
        )
        assert post_result.exit_code == 0, post_result.stderr
        post_resp = json.loads(post_result.stdout)
        # Should NOT be 403 from proxy -- traffic is forwarded
        assert post_resp["http_status"] != 403

        # Log should contain audit decision
        log_result = sb.exec_python(_read_openshell_log())
        assert log_result.exit_code == 0, log_result.stderr
        log = log_result.stdout
        # OCSF shorthand: audit decisions show as ALLOWED (audit mode allows through)
        assert "HTTP:" in log, "Expected OCSF HTTP activity event in log"
        assert "ALLOWED" in log, "Expected ALLOWED for audit-mode decision"


def test_l7_tls_explicit_path_rules(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T4: TLS terminate with explicit path rules."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        tls="terminate",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        rules=[
                            sandbox_pb2.L7Rule(
                                allow=sandbox_pb2.L7Allow(method="GET", path="/v1/**"),
                            ),
                        ],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # GET /v1/models -> allowed (matches /v1/**)
        get_result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "GET", "/v1/models"),
        )
        assert get_result.exit_code == 0, get_result.stderr
        get_resp = json.loads(get_result.stdout)
        assert get_resp["http_status"] != 403

        # POST /v1/messages -> denied (no POST rule)
        post_result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "POST", "/v1/messages"),
        )
        assert post_result.exit_code == 0, post_result.stderr
        post_resp = json.loads(post_result.stdout)
        assert post_resp["http_status"] == 403

        # GET /v2/anything -> denied (path doesn't match /v1/**)
        v2_result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "GET", "/v2/anything"),
        )
        assert v2_result.exit_code == 0, v2_result.stderr
        v2_resp = json.loads(v2_result.stdout)
        assert v2_resp["http_status"] == 403


def test_l7_tls_ca_trust_store_injected(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T5: Sandbox CA is injected into trust store environment variables."""

    def check_ca_env() -> str:
        import json as _json
        import os

        return _json.dumps(
            {
                "SSL_CERT_FILE": os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE", ""),
                "NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS": os.environ.get("NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS", ""),
                "REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE": os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE", ""),
                "CURL_CA_BUNDLE": os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE", ""),
                "ca_cert_exists": os.path.exists("/etc/openshell-tls/openshell-ca.pem"),
                "bundle_exists": os.path.exists("/etc/openshell-tls/ca-bundle.pem"),
            }
        )

    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "any": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="any",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="example.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(check_ca_env)
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        env = json.loads(result.stdout)
        assert env["ca_cert_exists"], "openshell-ca.pem should exist"
        assert env["bundle_exists"], "ca-bundle.pem should exist"
        assert "openshell-tls" in env["SSL_CERT_FILE"]
        assert "openshell-tls" in env["NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS"]


def test_l7_tls_deny_response_format(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T6: L7 deny response is valid JSON with expected fields."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        tls="terminate",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        access="read-only",
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "DELETE", "/v1/anything"),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        resp = json.loads(result.stdout)
        assert resp["http_status"] == 403

        # Verify response headers
        assert "X-OpenShell-Policy" in resp["headers"]
        assert "application/json" in resp["headers"]

        # Verify JSON body structure
        body = json.loads(resp["body"])
        assert body["error"] == "policy_denied"
        assert "policy" in body
        assert "rule" in body
        assert "detail" in body


def test_l7_tls_log_fields(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T7: L7 request logging includes structured fields."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "anthropic": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="anthropic",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        tls="terminate",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        access="full",
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http(),
            args=("api.anthropic.com", 443, "GET", "/v1/models"),
        )

        log_result = sb.exec_python(_read_openshell_log())
        assert log_result.exit_code == 0, log_result.stderr
        log = log_result.stdout

        # OCSF shorthand: L7 requests show as HTTP:method events
        assert "HTTP:" in log, "Expected OCSF HTTP activity event in log"
        assert "ALLOWED" in log or "DENIED" in log, "Expected L7 decision in log"
        assert "policy:" in log, "Expected policy context in log"


def test_l7_query_matchers_enforced(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T9: Query matcher glob/any allows and denies as expected."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "query_api": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="query_api",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                        protocol="rest",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                        rules=[
                            sandbox_pb2.L7Rule(
                                allow=sandbox_pb2.L7Allow(
                                    method="GET",
                                    path="/download",
                                    query={
                                        "tag": sandbox_pb2.L7QueryMatcher(glob="foo-*"),
                                    },
                                ),
                            ),
                            sandbox_pb2.L7Rule(
                                allow=sandbox_pb2.L7Allow(
                                    method="GET",
                                    path="/search",
                                    query={
                                        "tag": sandbox_pb2.L7QueryMatcher(
                                            any=["foo-*", "bar-*"]
                                        ),
                                    },
                                ),
                            ),
                        ],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        allowed = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http_with_server(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                _SANDBOX_IP,
                _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                "GET",
                "/download?tag=foo-a&tag=foo-b",
            ),
        )
        assert allowed.exit_code == 0, allowed.stderr
        allowed_resp = json.loads(allowed.stdout)
        assert "200" in allowed_resp["connect_status"]
        assert allowed_resp["http_status"] == 200
        assert "connect-server-ok" in allowed_resp["body"]

        denied = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http_with_server(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                _SANDBOX_IP,
                _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                "GET",
                "/download?tag=foo-a&tag=evil",
            ),
        )
        assert denied.exit_code == 0, denied.stderr
        denied_resp = json.loads(denied.stdout)
        assert denied_resp["http_status"] == 403
        assert "policy_denied" in denied_resp["body"]

        any_allowed = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http_with_server(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                _SANDBOX_IP,
                _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                "GET",
                "/search?tag=foo-a&tag=bar-b",
            ),
        )
        assert any_allowed.exit_code == 0, any_allowed.stderr
        any_resp = json.loads(any_allowed.stdout)
        assert any_resp["http_status"] == 200
        assert "connect-server-ok" in any_resp["body"]

        missing_required = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http_with_server(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                _SANDBOX_IP,
                _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                "GET",
                "/download?slug=skill-1",
            ),
        )
        assert missing_required.exit_code == 0, missing_required.stderr
        missing_resp = json.loads(missing_required.stdout)
        assert missing_resp["http_status"] == 403
        assert "policy_denied" in missing_resp["body"]


def test_l7_rule_without_query_matcher_allows_any_query_params(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """L7-T10: Rule without query matcher allows any query params."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "query_optional": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="query_optional",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                        protocol="rest",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                        rules=[
                            sandbox_pb2.L7Rule(
                                allow=sandbox_pb2.L7Allow(
                                    method="GET",
                                    path="/download",
                                ),
                            ),
                        ],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _proxy_connect_then_http_with_server(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                _SANDBOX_IP,
                _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                "GET",
                "/download?tag=anything&slug=any-value",
            ),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        resp = json.loads(result.stdout)
        assert "200" in resp["connect_status"]
        assert resp["http_status"] == 200
        assert "connect-server-ok" in resp["body"]


# =============================================================================
# Forward proxy tests (plain HTTP, non-CONNECT)
# =============================================================================

# The sandbox's own IP within the network namespace
_SANDBOX_IP = "10.200.0.2"
_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT = 19876


def test_forward_proxy_allows_private_ip_with_allowed_ips(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """FWD-1: Forward proxy GET to private IP with allowed_ips succeeds.

    Starts an HTTP server inside the sandbox, sends a plain forward proxy
    request through the sandbox proxy, and verifies the response is relayed.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal_http": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal_http",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_with_server(),
            args=(_PROXY_HOST, _PROXY_PORT, _SANDBOX_IP, _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, (
            f"Expected 200 in forward proxy response, got: {result.stdout}"
        )
        assert "forward-proxy-ok" in result.stdout, (
            f"Expected response body relayed, got: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_forward_proxy_allows_private_ip_host_without_allowed_ips(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """FWD-2: Forward proxy to literal IP host without allowed_ips -> 200.

    When the policy host field is a literal IP address, the user has explicitly
    declared intent to allow that destination.  The SSRF guard synthesizes an
    implicit allowed_ips entry, so explicit allowed_ips is not required.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal_http": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal_http",
                endpoints=[
                    # No allowed_ips — but host is a literal IP, so implicit
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_with_server(),
            args=(_PROXY_HOST, _PROXY_PORT, _SANDBOX_IP, _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, (
            f"Expected 200 for literal IP host, got: {result.stdout}"
        )
        assert "forward-proxy-ok" in result.stdout, (
            f"Expected response body relayed, got: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_forward_proxy_rejects_https_scheme(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """FWD-3: Forward proxy with https:// scheme -> 400.

    HTTPS must use CONNECT tunneling, not forward proxy.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal_http": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal_http",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_raw(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                f"https://{_SANDBOX_IP}:{_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT}/test",
            ),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "400" in result.stdout, (
            f"Expected 400 for HTTPS forward proxy, got: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_forward_proxy_denied_no_policy_match(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """FWD-4: Forward proxy to unmatched host:port -> 403."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "other": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="other",
                endpoints=[
                    # Policy for a different host/port
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="10.200.0.1",
                        port=9999,
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_raw(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                f"http://{_SANDBOX_IP}:{_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT}/test",
            ),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout, (
            f"Expected 403 for unmatched policy, got: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_forward_proxy_public_ip_denied(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """FWD-5: Forward proxy to public IP -> 403.

    Even with allowed_ips, forward proxy is restricted to private IPs.
    Plain HTTP should never traverse the public internet.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "public": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="public",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="example.com",
                        port=80,
                        allowed_ips=["93.184.0.0/16"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_raw(),
            args=(_PROXY_HOST, _PROXY_PORT, "http://example.com/"),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout, (
            f"Expected 403 for public IP forward proxy, got: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_forward_proxy_log_fields(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """FWD-6: Forward proxy requests produce structured FORWARD log lines."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "internal_http": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="internal_http",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Trigger an allowed forward proxy request (with server)
        sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_with_server(),
            args=(_PROXY_HOST, _PROXY_PORT, _SANDBOX_IP, _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT),
        )
        # Trigger a denied forward proxy request (no allowed_ips match)
        sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_raw(),
            args=(
                _PROXY_HOST,
                _PROXY_PORT,
                "http://example.com/",
            ),
        )
        # Read the log
        result = sb.exec_python(_read_openshell_log())
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        log = result.stdout

        # OCSF shorthand: FORWARD requests show as HTTP:method events
        assert "HTTP:" in log, "Expected OCSF HTTP activity event for FORWARD request"
        assert "ALLOWED" in log, "Expected ALLOWED for forward proxy allow"
        assert f"{_SANDBOX_IP}" in log, "Expected destination IP in FORWARD log"


# =============================================================================
# Baseline filesystem path enrichment tests (BFS-*)
# =============================================================================


def _verify_sandbox_functional():
    """Return a closure that verifies basic sandbox functionality."""

    def fn():
        import json
        import os
        import sys

        checks = {}
        # Can resolve DNS config
        checks["resolv_conf"] = os.path.exists("/etc/resolv.conf")
        # Can access shared libraries
        checks["lib_exists"] = os.path.isdir("/usr/lib")
        # Python interpreter works
        checks["python_version"] = sys.version
        # Can write to /tmp
        tmp_path = "/tmp/enrichment_test.txt"
        try:
            with open(tmp_path, "w") as f:
                f.write("ok")
            with open(tmp_path) as f:
                checks["tmp_write"] = f.read() == "ok"
            os.unlink(tmp_path)
        except Exception as e:
            checks["tmp_write"] = str(e)
        # Can write to /sandbox
        sb_path = "/sandbox/enrichment_test.txt"
        try:
            with open(sb_path, "w") as f:
                f.write("ok")
            with open(sb_path) as f:
                checks["sandbox_write"] = f.read() == "ok"
            os.unlink(sb_path)
        except Exception as e:
            checks["sandbox_write"] = str(e)
        # Can read openshell log (rolling appender writes date-stamped files)
        import glob

        checks["var_log"] = len(glob.glob("/var/log/openshell*.log*")) > 0
        return json.dumps(checks)

    return fn


def test_baseline_enrichment_missing_filesystem_policy(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """BFS-1: Sandbox with network_policies but NO filesystem_policy should
    come up and function correctly thanks to baseline path enrichment."""
    # Intentionally omit filesystem, landlock, and process fields —
    # only provide network_policies.
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(
        policy=sandbox_pb2.SandboxPolicy(
            version=1,
            network_policies={
                "test": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                    name="test",
                    endpoints=[
                        sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="example.com", port=443),
                    ],
                    binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
                ),
            },
        ),
    )
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_verify_sandbox_functional())
        assert result.exit_code == 0, (
            f"Sandbox with missing filesystem_policy failed to run: {result.stderr}"
        )
        import json

        checks = json.loads(result.stdout)
        assert checks["resolv_conf"] is True, "DNS config not accessible"
        assert checks["lib_exists"] is True, "Shared libraries not accessible"
        assert checks["tmp_write"] is True, f"/tmp not writable: {checks['tmp_write']}"
        assert checks["sandbox_write"] is True, (
            f"/sandbox not writable: {checks['sandbox_write']}"
        )
        assert checks["var_log"] is True, "OpenShell log not accessible"


def test_baseline_enrichment_incomplete_filesystem_policy(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """BFS-2: Sandbox with filesystem_policy that only has /sandbox should
    still function because baseline enrichment adds missing paths."""
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(
        policy=sandbox_pb2.SandboxPolicy(
            version=1,
            filesystem=sandbox_pb2.FilesystemPolicy(
                include_workdir=True,
                read_only=[],
                read_write=["/sandbox"],
            ),
            landlock=sandbox_pb2.LandlockPolicy(compatibility="best_effort"),
            process=sandbox_pb2.ProcessPolicy(
                run_as_user="sandbox",
                run_as_group="sandbox",
            ),
            network_policies={
                "test": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                    name="test",
                    endpoints=[
                        sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="example.com", port=443),
                    ],
                    binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
                ),
            },
        ),
    )
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_verify_sandbox_functional())
        assert result.exit_code == 0, (
            f"Sandbox with incomplete filesystem_policy failed to run: {result.stderr}"
        )
        import json

        checks = json.loads(result.stdout)
        assert checks["resolv_conf"] is True, "DNS config not accessible"
        assert checks["lib_exists"] is True, "Shared libraries not accessible"
        assert checks["tmp_write"] is True, f"/tmp not writable: {checks['tmp_write']}"
        assert checks["sandbox_write"] is True, (
            f"/sandbox not writable: {checks['sandbox_write']}"
        )
        assert checks["var_log"] is True, "OpenShell log not accessible"


# =============================================================================
# Multi-port endpoint tests
# =============================================================================
#
# MP-1: Multi-port endpoint allows connections on any listed port
# MP-2: Multi-port endpoint denies connections on unlisted ports
# MP-3: Single port (backwards compat) still works via ports normalization
# =============================================================================


def test_multi_port_allows_all_listed_ports(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """MP-1: Multi-port endpoint allows connections on any listed port.

    Policy allows python -> api.anthropic.com on ports 443 AND 80.
    Both should be allowed; port 8080 should be denied.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "multi": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="multi",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com", ports=[443, 80]
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Port 443 -> allowed
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, f"Port 443 should be allowed: {result.stdout}"

        # Port 80 -> allowed
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 80))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, f"Port 80 should be allowed: {result.stdout}"


def test_multi_port_denies_unlisted_port(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """MP-2: Multi-port endpoint denies connections on ports not in the list."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "multi": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="multi",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com", ports=[443, 80]
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Port 8080 -> denied (not in [443, 80])
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 8080))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout, f"Port 8080 should be denied: {result.stdout}"


def test_single_port_backwards_compat(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """MP-3: Old-style single port field still works."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "compat": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="compat",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="api.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # Port 443 -> allowed
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, f"Single port should still work: {result.stdout}"

        # Port 80 -> denied
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 80))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout


# =============================================================================
# Host wildcard tests
# =============================================================================
#
# HW-1: Wildcard *.anthropic.com matches subdomains
# HW-2: Wildcard *.anthropic.com does NOT match anthropic.com (bare domain)
# HW-3: Wildcard *.anthropic.com does NOT match deep.sub.anthropic.com
# =============================================================================


def test_host_wildcard_matches_subdomain(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """HW-1: *.anthropic.com matches api.anthropic.com."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "wildcard": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="wildcard",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="*.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # api.anthropic.com -> matches *.anthropic.com
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, (
            f"*.anthropic.com should match api.anthropic.com: {result.stdout}"
        )

        # statsig.anthropic.com -> also matches *.anthropic.com
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("statsig.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, (
            f"*.anthropic.com should match statsig.anthropic.com: {result.stdout}"
        )

        # example.com -> does NOT match *.anthropic.com
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("example.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout, (
            f"*.anthropic.com should NOT match example.com: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_host_wildcard_rejects_bare_domain(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """HW-2: *.anthropic.com does NOT match anthropic.com (requires a subdomain)."""
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "wildcard": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="wildcard",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="*.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout, (
            f"*.anthropic.com should NOT match bare anthropic.com: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_host_wildcard_rejects_deep_subdomain(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """HW-3: *.anthropic.com does NOT match deep.sub.anthropic.com.

    Single * matches one DNS label only (does not cross . boundaries).
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "wildcard": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="wildcard",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(host="*.anthropic.com", port=443),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("deep.sub.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "403" in result.stdout, (
            f"*.anthropic.com should NOT match deep.sub.anthropic.com: {result.stdout}"
        )


# =============================================================================
# Overlapping policies (duplicate host:port) — regression tests
# =============================================================================


def test_overlapping_policies_do_not_crash_opa(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """OVL-1: Two policies covering the same host:port must not crash OPA.

    After a draft rule approval, the merged policy can contain two entries
    for the same (host, port).  The OPA engine must handle this without
    a 'duplicated definition of local variable' error.  This test creates
    the overlap directly to simulate the post-approval state.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "user_rule": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="user_rule",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
            "approved_rule": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="approved_rule",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host=_SANDBOX_IP,
                        port=_FORWARD_PROXY_PORT,
                        allowed_ips=["10.200.0.0/24"],
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        result = sb.exec_python(
            _forward_proxy_with_server(),
            args=(_PROXY_HOST, _PROXY_PORT, _SANDBOX_IP, _FORWARD_PROXY_PORT),
        )
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, (
            f"Overlapping policies should not crash; expected 200, got: {result.stdout}"
        )


def test_overlapping_policies_l7_connect_does_not_crash(
    sandbox: Callable[..., Sandbox],
) -> None:
    """OVL-2: CONNECT to overlapping L7 policies must not crash OPA.

    Two policies with L7 rules (protocol: rest) covering the same host:port
    must evaluate without a regorus variable collision error.
    """
    policy = _base_policy(
        network_policies={
            "user_api": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="user_api",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        access="read-only",
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
            "auto_approved_api": sandbox_pb2.NetworkPolicyRule(
                name="auto_approved_api",
                endpoints=[
                    sandbox_pb2.NetworkEndpoint(
                        host="api.anthropic.com",
                        port=443,
                        protocol="rest",
                        enforcement="enforce",
                        access="read-only",
                    ),
                ],
                binaries=[sandbox_pb2.NetworkBinary(path="/**")],
            ),
        },
    )
    spec = datamodel_pb2.SandboxSpec(policy=policy)
    with sandbox(spec=spec, delete_on_exit=True) as sb:
        # CONNECT should succeed at the tunnel level (200 Connection Established)
        # even with two overlapping L7 policies.
        result = sb.exec_python(_proxy_connect(), args=("api.anthropic.com", 443))
        assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stderr
        assert "200" in result.stdout, (
            f"Overlapping L7 policies should not crash; expected 200, got: {result.stdout}"
        )