OpenShell/install.sh

#!/bin/sh
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#
# Install OpenShell from a GitHub release.
#
# Linux installs either the Debian or RPM packages from the selected release.
# Apple Silicon macOS installs the generated Homebrew formula, so Homebrew owns
# the binary layout and launchd service lifecycle.
#
set -e

APP_NAME="openshell"
REPO="NVIDIA/OpenShell"
GITHUB_URL="https://github.com/${REPO}"
RELEASE_TAG="${OPENSHELL_VERSION:-}"
RELEASE_ASSET_DIR=""
CHECKSUMS_NAME="openshell-checksums-sha256.txt"
LOCAL_GATEWAY_PORT="17670"
HOMEBREW_TAP="nvidia/openshell"
HOMEBREW_FORMULA_NAME="openshell"
HOMEBREW_CLI_ASSET="openshell-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz"
HOMEBREW_GATEWAY_ASSET="openshell-gateway-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz"
HOMEBREW_DRIVER_VM_ASSET="openshell-driver-vm-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz"
HOMEBREW_PROVER_ASSET="openshell-prover-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz"
BREAKING_RELEASE_VERSION="0.0.37"
LINUX_PACKAGE_GLIBC_MIN_VERSION="2.28"
UPGRADE_NOTICE_ACK="${OPENSHELL_ACK_BREAKING_UPGRADE:-}"

info() {
  printf '%s: %s\n' "$APP_NAME" "$*" >&2
}

warn() {
  printf '%s: warning: %s\n' "$APP_NAME" "$*" >&2
}

error() {
  printf '%s: error: %s\n' "$APP_NAME" "$*" >&2
  exit 1
}

usage() {
  cat <<EOF
install.sh - Install OpenShell

USAGE:
    curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/OpenShell/main/install.sh -o install.sh
    sh install.sh

    curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/OpenShell/main/install.sh | sh

OPTIONS:
    --help       Print this help message

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES:
    OPENSHELL_VERSION   Release tag to install (default: latest tagged release).
                        Set OPENSHELL_VERSION=dev to install the rolling dev build.
                        Set OPENSHELL_VERSION=pre to install the latest prerelease.
                        Prereleases require an authenticated GitHub CLI session.
    OPENSHELL_ACK_BREAKING_UPGRADE
                        Set to 1 only after backing up and cleaning up a
                        pre-v0.0.37 or non-snap installation.

NOTES:
    When OPENSHELL_VERSION is unset, this resolves the latest tagged release
    from ${GITHUB_URL}/releases/latest.

    On Linux, the installer uses the OpenShell snap when the snap command is
    available and OPENSHELL_VERSION is unset or dev. Snap installs use
    latest/stable by default and latest/edge for dev. Explicit release tags
    and prereleases use Debian or RPM packages. The OpenShell snap requires a
    running Docker Engine installed from a system package or Docker's package
    repository. The Docker snap is not currently compatible with OpenShell.

    For explicit versions or without snap, Linux installs the Debian package
    on amd64/arm64 or the RPM packages on x86_64/aarch64, depending on the
    host package manager.
    macOS installs the release Homebrew formula on Apple Silicon and starts a
    brew services-backed local gateway.
EOF
}

has_cmd() {
  command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
}

require_cmd() {
  if ! has_cmd "$1"; then
    error "'$1' is required"
  fi
}

download() {
  _url="$1"
  _output="$2"
  curl -fLsS --retry 3 --max-redirs 5 -o "$_output" "$_url"
}

semver_core() {
  _version="${1#v}"
  _version="${_version%%[-+]*}"
  printf '%s\n' "$_version"
}

semver_at_least() {
  _version="$(semver_core "$1")"
  _minimum="$(semver_core "$2")"

  _major="${_version%%.*}"
  _rest="${_version#*.}"
  [ "$_rest" != "$_version" ] || return 1
  _minor="${_rest%%.*}"
  _patch="${_rest#*.}"
  _patch="${_patch%%.*}"

  _min_major="${_minimum%%.*}"
  _min_rest="${_minimum#*.}"
  [ "$_min_rest" != "$_minimum" ] || return 1
  _min_minor="${_min_rest%%.*}"
  _min_patch="${_min_rest#*.}"
  _min_patch="${_min_patch%%.*}"

  case "$_major:$_minor:$_patch:$_min_major:$_min_minor:$_min_patch" in
    *[!0-9:]* | *::*)
      return 1
      ;;
  esac

  [ "$_major" -gt "$_min_major" ] && return 0
  [ "$_major" -lt "$_min_major" ] && return 1
  [ "$_minor" -gt "$_min_minor" ] && return 0
  [ "$_minor" -lt "$_min_minor" ] && return 1
  [ "$_patch" -ge "$_min_patch" ]
}

version_at_least_major_minor() {
  _version="$1"
  _minimum="$2"

  _major="${_version%%.*}"
  _minor="${_version#*.}"
  _minor="${_minor%%.*}"

  _min_major="${_minimum%%.*}"
  _min_minor="${_minimum#*.}"
  _min_minor="${_min_minor%%.*}"

  case "$_major:$_minor:$_min_major:$_min_minor" in
    *[!0-9:]* | *::*)
      return 1
      ;;
  esac

  [ "$_major" -gt "$_min_major" ] && return 0
  [ "$_major" -lt "$_min_major" ] && return 1
  [ "$_minor" -ge "$_min_minor" ]
}

getconf_gnu_libc_version() {
  if [ "${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_SH_TEST:-0}" = "1" ] && [ "${OPENSHELL_TEST_GETCONF_UNAVAILABLE:-0}" = "1" ]; then
    return 127
  fi

  if [ "${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_SH_TEST:-0}" = "1" ] && [ "${OPENSHELL_TEST_GETCONF_OUTPUT+x}" = "x" ]; then
    printf '%s\n' "$OPENSHELL_TEST_GETCONF_OUTPUT"
    return 0
  fi

  getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION 2>/dev/null
}

ldd_version_output() {
  if [ "${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_SH_TEST:-0}" = "1" ] && [ "${OPENSHELL_TEST_LDD_UNAVAILABLE:-0}" = "1" ]; then
    return 127
  fi

  if [ "${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_SH_TEST:-0}" = "1" ] && [ "${OPENSHELL_TEST_LDD_OUTPUT+x}" = "x" ]; then
    printf '%s\n' "$OPENSHELL_TEST_LDD_OUTPUT"
    return 0
  fi

  ldd --version 2>&1
}

detect_glibc_version() {
  _ldd_output="$(ldd_version_output 2>&1 || true)"
  case "$_ldd_output" in
    *[Mm][Uu][Ss][Ll]* | *[Aa][Ll][Pp][Ii][Nn][Ee]*)
      return 2
      ;;
  esac

  _ldd_version="$(printf '%s\n' "$_ldd_output" | awk 'FNR == 1 && match($NF, /^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/) { print substr($NF, RSTART, RLENGTH); exit }')"
  if [ -n "$_ldd_version" ]; then
    printf '%s\n' "$_ldd_version"
    return 0
  fi

  _getconf_output="$(getconf_gnu_libc_version 2>/dev/null || true)"
  case "$_getconf_output" in
    glibc\ [0-9]*.[0-9]*)
      printf '%s\n' "${_getconf_output#glibc }"
      return 0
      ;;
    *[Mm][Uu][Ss][Ll]* | *[Aa][Ll][Pp][Ii][Nn][Ee]*)
      return 2
      ;;
  esac

  return 1
}

require_linux_package_glibc() {
  _glibc_status=0
  _glibc_version="$(detect_glibc_version)" || _glibc_status=$?

  case "$_glibc_status" in
    0)
      ;;
    2)
      error "OpenShell Linux packages require glibc >= ${LINUX_PACKAGE_GLIBC_MIN_VERSION}; detected musl or unsupported libc."
      ;;
    *)
      error "OpenShell Linux packages require glibc >= ${LINUX_PACKAGE_GLIBC_MIN_VERSION}; could not detect glibc."
      ;;
  esac

  if ! version_at_least_major_minor "$_glibc_version" "$LINUX_PACKAGE_GLIBC_MIN_VERSION"; then
    error "OpenShell Linux packages require glibc >= ${LINUX_PACKAGE_GLIBC_MIN_VERSION}; detected glibc ${_glibc_version}.
Please use a newer distribution or container environment."
  fi
}

target_uses_breaking_gateway_model() {
  case "$RELEASE_TAG" in
    dev)
      return 0
      ;;
  esac

  semver_at_least "$RELEASE_TAG" "$BREAKING_RELEASE_VERSION"
}

installed_version_needs_breaking_upgrade_notice() {
  _version="$1"

  if [ -z "$_version" ]; then
    return 0
  fi

  ! semver_at_least "$_version" "$BREAKING_RELEASE_VERSION"
}

find_existing_native_openshell_bin() {
  _path="$(command -v openshell 2>/dev/null || true)"
  case "$_path" in
    /snap/*) ;;
    *)
      if [ -n "$_path" ] && [ -x "$_path" ]; then
        printf '%s\n' "$_path"
        return 0
      fi
      ;;
  esac

  for _candidate in \
    "${TARGET_HOME:-}/.local/bin/openshell" \
    /usr/local/bin/openshell \
    /usr/bin/openshell \
    /opt/homebrew/bin/openshell; do
    if [ -n "$_candidate" ] && [ -x "$_candidate" ]; then
      printf '%s\n' "$_candidate"
      return 0
    fi
  done

  return 1
}

existing_openshell_version() {
  _bin="$1"
  _output="$("$_bin" --version 2>/dev/null | sed -n '1p' || true)"
  printf '%s\n' "$_output" | awk '
    {
      for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
        if ($i ~ /^v?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+([-+][A-Za-z0-9.+~-]+)?$/) {
          print $i
          exit
        }
      }
    }
  '
}

print_breaking_upgrade_notice() {
  _bin="$1"
  _version="$2"

  if [ -n "$_version" ]; then
    warn "detected existing OpenShell ${_version} at ${_bin}"
  else
    warn "detected an existing OpenShell installation at ${_bin}"
  fi

  cat >&2 <<EOF

OpenShell ${BREAKING_RELEASE_VERSION} and later are incompatible with gateway
state created by earlier releases. Before installing OpenShell ${RELEASE_TAG}, back up
any files, artifacts, and configuration you need from existing sandboxes.

Then clean up the old runtime with the currently installed CLI:

    openshell sandbox delete --all
    openshell gateway destroy

Run these commands before upgrading because 'openshell gateway destroy' is not
available in OpenShell ${BREAKING_RELEASE_VERSION} and later.

After cleanup, rerun this installer or follow the installation guide:

    https://docs.nvidia.com/openshell/latest/about/installation

If you have already backed up and cleaned up the old runtime, rerun with:

    curl -LsSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/OpenShell/main/install.sh | OPENSHELL_ACK_BREAKING_UPGRADE=1 sh

EOF
}

guard_breaking_upgrade() {
  target_uses_breaking_gateway_model || return 0

  _bin="$(find_existing_native_openshell_bin || true)"
  [ -n "$_bin" ] || return 0

  _version="$(existing_openshell_version "$_bin")"
  installed_version_needs_breaking_upgrade_notice "$_version" || return 0

  print_breaking_upgrade_notice "$_bin" "$_version"

  if [ "$UPGRADE_NOTICE_ACK" = "1" ]; then
    warn "continuing because OPENSHELL_ACK_BREAKING_UPGRADE=1 is set"
    return 0
  fi

  error "manual cleanup is required before upgrading from this OpenShell installation"
}

print_native_to_snap_notice() {
  _bin="$1"
  _version="$2"

  if [ -n "$_version" ]; then
    warn "detected existing non-snap OpenShell ${_version} at ${_bin}"
  else
    warn "detected an existing non-snap OpenShell installation at ${_bin}"
  fi

  cat >&2 <<EOF

The OpenShell snap keeps gateway and CLI state in snap-specific directories and
does not import state from a non-snap installation. Before installing the snap,
back up anything you need and clean up sandboxes and runtime resources managed
by the existing installation.

For older installations that provide these commands, run:

    ${_bin} sandbox delete --all
    ${_bin} gateway destroy

Stop the non-snap gateway service and remove the native package or manual
installation before continuing. For package and service instructions, see:

    https://docs.nvidia.com/openshell/latest/about/installation

If you have already backed up and cleaned up the non-snap installation, rerun with:

    curl -LsSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/OpenShell/main/install.sh | OPENSHELL_ACK_BREAKING_UPGRADE=1 sh

EOF
}

guard_native_to_snap_transition() {
  _bin="$(find_existing_native_openshell_bin || true)"
  [ -n "$_bin" ] || return 0

  _version="$(existing_openshell_version "$_bin")"
  print_native_to_snap_notice "$_bin" "$_version"

  if [ "$UPGRADE_NOTICE_ACK" = "1" ]; then
    warn "continuing because OPENSHELL_ACK_BREAKING_UPGRADE=1 is set"
    return 0
  fi

  error "manual cleanup is required before replacing this non-snap OpenShell installation"
}

resolve_release_tag() {
  if [ "${OPENSHELL_VERSION:-}" = "pre" ]; then
    resolve_latest_prerelease_tag
    return 0
  fi

  if [ -n "${OPENSHELL_VERSION:-}" ]; then
    echo "$OPENSHELL_VERSION"
    return 0
  fi

  info "resolving latest version..."
  _latest_url="${GITHUB_URL}/releases/latest"
  _resolved="$(curl -fLsS -o /dev/null -w '%{url_effective}' "$_latest_url")" || {
    error "failed to resolve latest release from ${_latest_url}"
  }

  case "$_resolved" in
    https://github.com/${REPO}/releases/*)
      ;;
    *)
      error "unexpected redirect target: ${_resolved} (expected https://github.com/${REPO}/releases/...)"
      ;;
  esac

  _version="${_resolved##*/}"
  if [ -z "$_version" ] || [ "$_version" = "latest" ]; then
    error "could not determine latest release version (resolved URL: ${_resolved})"
  fi

  echo "$_version"
}

resolve_latest_prerelease_tag() {
  require_prerelease_github_access

  info "resolving latest prerelease..."
  _artifact_platform="$(prerelease_artifact_platform)"
  _release_tags="$(gh api "repos/${REPO}/git/matching-refs/tags/v" --jq '
    [.[].ref | sub("^refs/tags/"; "") |
      select(test("^v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+-pre\\.[1-9][0-9]*$"))] |
    sort_by(split("-pre.") as $parts |
      ($parts[0] | ltrimstr("v") | split(".") | map(tonumber)) +
      [($parts[1] | tonumber)]) | reverse | .[]')" || {
    error "failed to list prerelease tags"
  }

  for _tag in $_release_tags; do
    _artifact_name="openshell-${_tag}-${_artifact_platform}"
    info "checking ${_tag} for ${_artifact_platform}..."
    _run_ids="$(gh api \
      "repos/${REPO}/actions/artifacts?name=${_artifact_name}&per_page=100" \
      --jq '[.artifacts[] | select(.expired == false)] |
        sort_by(.created_at) | reverse | .[] | .workflow_run.id')" || {
      error "failed to find prerelease artifact ${_artifact_name}"
    }

    for _run_id in $_run_ids; do
      _successful="$(gh api "repos/${REPO}/actions/runs/${_run_id}" --jq '
        .status == "completed" and .conclusion == "success" and
        (.path | startswith(".github/workflows/release-tag.yml"))')" || {
        error "failed to check prerelease workflow run ${_run_id}"
      }
      if [ "$_successful" = "true" ]; then
        printf '%s\n' "$_tag"
        return 0
      fi
    done
  done

  error "no unexpired prerelease artifacts found"
}

is_prerelease_tag() {
  printf '%s\n' "$1" | grep -Eq '^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+-pre\.[1-9][0-9]*$'
}

require_prerelease_github_access() {
  require_cmd gh
  if ! gh auth status --hostname github.com >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    error "GitHub CLI authentication is required for prerelease artifacts; run 'gh auth login' and try again"
  fi
}

prerelease_artifact_platform() {
  case "${PLATFORM}:$(uname -m)" in
    linux:x86_64 | linux:amd64)
      case "$(linux_package_method)" in
        deb) echo "linux-amd64-deb" ;;
        rpm) echo "linux-x86_64-rpm" ;;
      esac
      ;;
    linux:aarch64 | linux:arm64)
      case "$(linux_package_method)" in
        deb) echo "linux-arm64-deb" ;;
        rpm) echo "linux-aarch64-rpm" ;;
      esac
      ;;
    darwin:arm64 | darwin:aarch64) echo "macos-arm64" ;;
    *) error "no prerelease artifact is available for ${PLATFORM}/$(uname -m)" ;;
  esac
}

prepare_prerelease_assets() {
  _destination="$1"
  is_prerelease_tag "$RELEASE_TAG" || return 0
  require_prerelease_github_access

  _artifact_name="openshell-${RELEASE_TAG}-$(prerelease_artifact_platform)"
  info "locating ${_artifact_name}..."
  _run_id="$(gh api \
    "repos/${REPO}/actions/artifacts?name=${_artifact_name}&per_page=100" \
    --jq '[.artifacts[] | select(.expired == false)] | sort_by(.created_at) | last | .workflow_run.id')" || {
    error "failed to find prerelease artifact ${_artifact_name}"
  }
  if [ -z "$_run_id" ] || [ "$_run_id" = "null" ] || ! printf '%s\n' "$_run_id" | grep -Eq '^[0-9]+$'; then
    error "no unexpired prerelease artifact found for ${RELEASE_TAG} on this platform"
  fi

  RELEASE_ASSET_DIR="${_destination}/release"
  info "downloading ${_artifact_name}..."
  gh run download "$_run_id" \
    --repo "$REPO" \
    --name "$_artifact_name" \
    --dir "$RELEASE_ASSET_DIR" || {
    error "failed to download prerelease artifact ${_artifact_name}"
  }
}

download_release_asset() {
  _tag="$1"
  _filename="$2"
  _output="$3"

  if [ -n "$RELEASE_ASSET_DIR" ]; then
    _source="${RELEASE_ASSET_DIR}/${_filename}"
    if [ -f "$_source" ]; then
      cp "$_source" "$_output"
      return 0
    fi
    return 1
  fi

  if curl -fLs --retry 3 --max-redirs 5 -o "$_output" \
    "${GITHUB_URL}/releases/download/${_tag}/${_filename}"; then
    return 0
  fi

  # GitHub normalizes `~` to `.` in release asset names, while checksum files
  # can still record package filenames with `~dev` for correct version ordering.
  # Download the normalized asset but verify it against the checksum entry for
  # the original package filename.
  _normalized="$(printf '%s' "$_filename" | tr '~' '.')"
  if [ "$_normalized" != "$_filename" ]; then
    if download "${GITHUB_URL}/releases/download/${_tag}/${_normalized}" "$_output"; then
      info "using GitHub-normalized asset name ${_normalized}"
      return 0
    fi
  fi

  return 1
}

as_root() {
  if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
    "$@"
  elif has_cmd sudo; then
    sudo "$@"
  else
    error "this installer needs root privileges; rerun as root or install sudo"
  fi
}

target_user() {
  if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ -n "${SUDO_USER:-}" ] && [ "${SUDO_USER}" != "root" ]; then
    echo "$SUDO_USER"
  else
    id -un
  fi
}

user_home() {
  _user="$1"
  if has_cmd getent; then
    _home="$(getent passwd "$_user" | awk -F: '{ print $6 }')"
    if [ -n "$_home" ]; then
      echo "$_home"
      return 0
    fi
  fi

  if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ] && has_cmd dscl; then
    _home="$(dscl . -read "/Users/${_user}" NFSHomeDirectory 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }')"
    if [ -n "$_home" ]; then
      echo "$_home"
      return 0
    fi
  fi

  if [ "$(id -un)" = "$_user" ]; then
    echo "${HOME:-}"
    return 0
  fi

  if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ]; then
    echo "/Users/${_user}"
    return 0
  fi

  echo "/home/${_user}"
}

as_target_user() {
  if [ "${PLATFORM:-}" = "darwin" ]; then
    if [ "$(id -u)" -eq "$TARGET_UID" ]; then
      env HOME="$TARGET_HOME" "$@"
    elif has_cmd sudo; then
      sudo -u "$TARGET_USER" env HOME="$TARGET_HOME" "$@"
    else
      error "cannot run commands as ${TARGET_USER}; install sudo or run as ${TARGET_USER}"
    fi
    return
  fi

  _bus="unix:path=${TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR}/bus"
  if [ "$(id -u)" -eq "$TARGET_UID" ]; then
    env HOME="$TARGET_HOME" XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="$TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR" DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS="$_bus" "$@"
  elif has_cmd sudo; then
    sudo -u "$TARGET_USER" env HOME="$TARGET_HOME" XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="$TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR" DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS="$_bus" "$@"
  elif has_cmd runuser; then
    runuser -u "$TARGET_USER" -- env HOME="$TARGET_HOME" XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="$TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR" DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS="$_bus" "$@"
  else
    error "cannot run user service commands as ${TARGET_USER}; install sudo or run as ${TARGET_USER}"
  fi
}

detect_platform() {
  case "$(uname -s)" in
    Linux)
      echo "linux"
      ;;
    Darwin)
      echo "darwin"
      ;;
    *)
      error "unsupported OS: $(uname -s); this installer supports Linux and macOS"
      ;;
  esac
}

local_gateway_endpoint() {
  case "${PLATFORM:-$(detect_platform)}" in
    darwin)
      printf 'https://localhost:%s\n' "$LOCAL_GATEWAY_PORT"
      ;;
    *)
      printf 'https://127.0.0.1:%s\n' "$LOCAL_GATEWAY_PORT"
      ;;
  esac
}

linux_package_method() {
  case "${OPENSHELL_VERSION:-}" in
    '' | dev)
      if has_cmd snap; then
        echo "snap"
        return 0
      fi
      ;;
  esac

  if has_cmd dpkg; then
    echo "deb"
  elif has_cmd rpm; then
    echo "rpm"
  else
    error "Linux installs require either dpkg or rpm"
  fi
}

set_linux_target_runtime_dir() {
  if [ "$(id -u)" -eq "$TARGET_UID" ] && [ -n "${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-}" ]; then
    TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR="$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"
  else
    TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR="/run/user/${TARGET_UID}"
  fi
}

check_linux_deb_platform() {
  require_cmd dpkg
}

check_macos_platform() {
  _arch="$(uname -m)"

  case "$_arch" in
    arm64|aarch64)
      ;;
    x86_64|amd64)
      error "Intel macOS is not supported because no x86_64-apple-darwin release assets are published"
      ;;
    *)
      error "no macOS release build is published for architecture: ${_arch}"
      ;;
  esac

  if ! as_target_user brew --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    error "Homebrew is required for macOS installs; install it from https://brew.sh"
  fi
}

get_deb_arch() {
  _arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"

  case "$_arch" in
    amd64|arm64)
      echo "$_arch"
      ;;
    *)
      error "no Debian package is published for architecture: ${_arch}"
      ;;
  esac
}

get_rpm_arch() {
  if has_cmd rpm; then
    _arch="$(rpm --eval '%{_arch}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
  else
    _arch=""
  fi

  if [ -z "$_arch" ]; then
    _arch="$(uname -m)"
  fi

  case "$_arch" in
    x86_64|amd64)
      echo "x86_64"
      ;;
    aarch64|arm64)
      echo "aarch64"
      ;;
    *)
      error "no RPM package is published for architecture: ${_arch}"
      ;;
  esac
}

find_deb_asset() {
  _checksums="$1"
  _arch="$2"

  awk -v arch="$_arch" '
    $2 ~ "^\\*?openshell[-_].*[-_]" arch "\\.deb$" {
      sub("^\\*", "", $2)
      print $2
      exit
    }
  ' "$_checksums"
}

find_rpm_asset() {
  _checksums="$1"
  _arch="$2"
  _package="$3"

  case "$_package" in
    openshell)
      _dev_name="openshell-dev-${_arch}.rpm"
      _fallback_re="^openshell-[0-9].*\\.${_arch}\\.rpm$"
      ;;
    openshell-gateway)
      _dev_name="openshell-gateway-dev-${_arch}.rpm"
      _fallback_re="^openshell-gateway-[0-9].*\\.${_arch}\\.rpm$"
      ;;
    openshell-prover)
      _dev_name="openshell-prover-dev-${_arch}.rpm"
      _fallback_re="^openshell-prover-[0-9].*\\.${_arch}\\.rpm$"
      ;;
    *)
      error "unknown RPM package selector: ${_package}"
      ;;
  esac

  awk -v dev_name="$_dev_name" -v fallback_re="$_fallback_re" '
    {
      name = $2
      sub("^\\*", "", name)

      if (name == dev_name) {
        selected = name
        found = 1
        exit
      }

      if (fallback == "" && name ~ fallback_re) {
        fallback = name
      }
    }
    END {
      if (found) {
        print selected
      } else if (fallback != "") {
        print fallback
      }
    }
  ' "$_checksums"
}

verify_checksum() {
  _archive="$1"
  _checksums="$2"
  _filename="$3"

  if has_cmd sha256sum; then
    _expected="$(awk -v name="$_filename" '($2 == name || $2 == "*" name) { print $1; exit }' "$_checksums")"
    [ -n "$_expected" ] || error "no checksum entry found for ${_filename}"
    echo "$_expected  $_archive" | sha256sum -c --quiet
  elif has_cmd shasum; then
    _expected="$(awk -v name="$_filename" '($2 == name || $2 == "*" name) { print $1; exit }' "$_checksums")"
    [ -n "$_expected" ] || error "no checksum entry found for ${_filename}"
    echo "$_expected  $_archive" | shasum -a 256 -c --quiet
  else
    error "neither 'sha256sum' nor 'shasum' found; cannot verify download integrity"
  fi
}

install_deb_package() {
  _deb_path="$1"

  if has_cmd apt-get; then
    as_root env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
      -o Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef \
      -o Dpkg::Options::=--force-confnew \
      "$_deb_path"
  elif has_cmd apt; then
    as_root env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y \
      -o Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef \
      -o Dpkg::Options::=--force-confnew \
      "$_deb_path"
  else
    as_root dpkg --force-confdef --force-confnew -i "$_deb_path"
  fi
}

install_rpm_packages() {
  if has_cmd dnf; then
    as_root dnf install -y "$@"
  elif has_cmd yum; then
    as_root yum install -y "$@"
  elif has_cmd zypper; then
    as_root zypper --non-interactive install --allow-unsigned-rpm "$@"
  elif has_cmd rpm; then
    warn "installing with rpm directly; dependencies must already be installed"
    as_root rpm -Uvh --replacepkgs "$@"
  else
    error "'dnf', 'yum', 'zypper', or 'rpm' is required to install RPM packages"
  fi
}

homebrew_formula_path() {
  _tap="$1"
  _formula="$2"

  if ! as_target_user brew tap-info "$_tap" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    info "creating local Homebrew tap ${_tap}..."
    as_target_user brew tap-new --no-git "$_tap" >/dev/null
  fi

  _tap_dir="$(as_target_user brew --repository "$_tap" 2>/dev/null || true)"
  [ -n "$_tap_dir" ] || error "could not locate Homebrew tap ${_tap}"

  _formula_dir="${_tap_dir}/Formula"
  as_target_user mkdir -p "$_formula_dir"
  printf '%s/%s.rb\n' "$_formula_dir" "$_formula"
}

patch_homebrew_formula() {
  _formula_file="$1"
  _patched_file="${_formula_file}.patched"

  if grep -q 'entitlements.write <<~XML' "$_formula_file"; then
    info "patching Homebrew formula for idempotent postinstall..."
    sed 's/entitlements\.write <<~XML/entitlements.atomic_write <<~XML/' "$_formula_file" >"$_patched_file"
    mv "$_patched_file" "$_formula_file"
  fi

}

patch_prerelease_homebrew_formula_urls() {
  _formula_file="$1"
  [ -n "$RELEASE_ASSET_DIR" ] || return 0

  for _asset in "$HOMEBREW_CLI_ASSET" "$HOMEBREW_GATEWAY_ASSET" "$HOMEBREW_DRIVER_VM_ASSET" "$HOMEBREW_PROVER_ASSET"; do
    if [ ! -f "${RELEASE_ASSET_DIR}/${_asset}" ]; then
      error "prerelease artifact is missing the required macOS asset: ${_asset}"
    fi
  done

  _release_asset_url="${GITHUB_URL}/releases/download/${RELEASE_TAG}"
  _local_asset_url="file://${RELEASE_ASSET_DIR}"
  _patched_file="${_formula_file}.prerelease"
  sed \
    -e "s#${_release_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_CLI_ASSET}#${_local_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_CLI_ASSET}#g" \
    -e "s#${_release_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_GATEWAY_ASSET}#${_local_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_GATEWAY_ASSET}#g" \
    -e "s#${_release_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_DRIVER_VM_ASSET}#${_local_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_DRIVER_VM_ASSET}#g" \
    -e "s#${_release_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_PROVER_ASSET}#${_local_asset_url}/${HOMEBREW_PROVER_ASSET}#g" \
    "$_formula_file" >"$_patched_file"
  mv "$_patched_file" "$_formula_file"
}

start_user_gateway() {
  info "restarting openshell-gateway user service as ${TARGET_USER}..."

  if ! as_target_user systemctl --user daemon-reload; then
    info "could not reach the user systemd manager for ${TARGET_USER}"
    info "restart the gateway later with: systemctl --user enable openshell-gateway && systemctl --user restart openshell-gateway"
    info "then register it with: openshell gateway add https://127.0.0.1:17670 --local --name openshell"
    return 0
  fi

  as_target_user systemctl --user enable openshell-gateway
  as_target_user systemctl --user restart openshell-gateway
  as_target_user systemctl --user is-active --quiet openshell-gateway

  info "registering local gateway as ${TARGET_USER}..."
  register_local_gateway
  wait_for_local_gateway_listener
  wait_for_local_gateway_status
}

dump_local_gateway_diagnostics() {
  _lines="${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_LOG_LINES:-80}"
  case "$_lines" in
    "" | *[!0-9]*)
      _lines=80
      ;;
  esac

  info "dumping recent local gateway diagnostics..."
  case "${PLATFORM:-}" in
    darwin)
      dump_homebrew_gateway_diagnostics "$_lines"
      ;;
    linux)
      if [ "${LINUX_INSTALL_METHOD:-}" = "snap" ]; then
        dump_snap_gateway_diagnostics "$_lines"
      else
        dump_user_service_gateway_diagnostics "$_lines"
      fi
      ;;
    *)
      info "no gateway log collector is available for platform: ${PLATFORM:-unknown}"
      ;;
  esac
}

dump_snap_gateway_diagnostics() {
  _lines="$1"

  info "OpenShell snap service status:"
  as_root snap services openshell >&2 || true
  info "OpenShell snap connections:"
  as_root snap connections openshell >&2 || true
  if has_cmd journalctl; then
    info "last ${_lines} lines from the OpenShell snap gateway journal:"
    as_root journalctl -b -u snap.openshell.gateway.service --no-pager -n "$_lines" >&2 || true
  fi
  as_root snap logs openshell.gateway -n="$_lines" >&2 || true
}

dump_homebrew_gateway_diagnostics() {
  _lines="$1"
  _brew_prefix="$(as_target_user brew --prefix 2>/dev/null || true)"
  [ -n "$_brew_prefix" ] || _brew_prefix="/opt/homebrew"

  info "Homebrew service status:"
  as_target_user brew services info "${HOMEBREW_TAP}/${HOMEBREW_FORMULA_NAME}" >&2 || true

  for _log_file in \
    "${_brew_prefix}/var/log/openshell/openshell-gateway.err.log" \
    "${_brew_prefix}/var/log/openshell/openshell-gateway.out.log"; do
    if [ -f "$_log_file" ]; then
      info "last ${_lines} lines from ${_log_file}:"
      tail -n "$_lines" "$_log_file" >&2 || true
    else
      info "gateway log not found: ${_log_file}"
    fi
  done
}

dump_user_service_gateway_diagnostics() {
  _lines="$1"

  if has_cmd systemctl; then
    info "openshell-gateway user service status:"
    as_target_user systemctl --user status openshell-gateway --no-pager >&2 || true
  fi

  if has_cmd journalctl; then
    info "last ${_lines} lines from openshell-gateway user journal:"
    as_target_user journalctl --user -u openshell-gateway --no-pager -n "$_lines" >&2 || true
  else
    info "journalctl not found; cannot dump openshell-gateway user journal"
  fi
}

wait_for_local_gateway_listener() {
  _timeout="${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT:-30}"
  _elapsed=0
  _last_output=""
  _probe_url="$(local_gateway_endpoint)/"
  _mtls_dir="${TARGET_HOME}/.config/openshell/gateways/openshell/mtls"

  info "waiting for local gateway listener to become reachable..."
  while [ "$_elapsed" -lt "$_timeout" ]; do
    if [ ! -f "${_mtls_dir}/ca.crt" ] || [ ! -f "${_mtls_dir}/tls.crt" ] || [ ! -f "${_mtls_dir}/tls.key" ]; then
      _last_output="mTLS client bundle is not ready under ${_mtls_dir}"
    elif _last_output="$(as_target_user curl -sS --max-time 2 --cacert "${_mtls_dir}/ca.crt" --cert "${_mtls_dir}/tls.crt" --key "${_mtls_dir}/tls.key" -o /dev/null "$_probe_url" 2>&1)"; then
      info "local gateway listener is reachable"
      return 0
    fi
    sleep 1
    _elapsed=$((_elapsed + 1))
  done

  [ -z "$_last_output" ] || printf '%s\n' "$_last_output" >&2
  dump_local_gateway_diagnostics
  error "local gateway listener did not become reachable at ${_probe_url} within ${_timeout}s"
}

wait_for_local_gateway_status() {
  _timeout="${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT:-30}"
  _elapsed=0
  _status_output=""
  _register_bin="${OPENSHELL_REGISTER_BIN:-openshell}"

  info "waiting for openshell status to report connected..."
  while [ "$_elapsed" -lt "$_timeout" ]; do
    if _status_output="$(as_target_user env NO_COLOR=1 "$_register_bin" status 2>&1)"; then
      case "$_status_output" in
        *"Version:"*)
          info "openshell status reports connected"
          return 0
          ;;
      esac
    fi
    sleep 1
    _elapsed=$((_elapsed + 1))
  done

  [ -z "$_status_output" ] || printf '%s\n' "$_status_output" >&2
  dump_local_gateway_diagnostics
  error "openshell status did not report connected within ${_timeout}s"
}

remove_local_gateway_registration_from() {
  _config_dir="$1"
  [ -n "$TARGET_HOME" ] || error "cannot resolve home directory for ${TARGET_USER}"

  # Replace the CLI registration directly instead of asking `gateway destroy`
  # to tear down package-managed resources.
  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
  as_target_user sh -c '
    config_dir=$1
    rm -rf "${config_dir}/gateways/local"
    mkdir -p "${config_dir}/gateways/openshell"
    rm -f \
      "${config_dir}/gateways/openshell/metadata.json" \
      "${config_dir}/gateways/openshell/edge_token" \
      "${config_dir}/gateways/openshell/cf_token" \
      "${config_dir}/gateways/openshell/oidc_token.json"
    active="${config_dir}/active_gateway"
    active_name="$(cat "$active" 2>/dev/null || true)"
    if [ "$active_name" = "local" ] || [ "$active_name" = "openshell" ]; then
      rm -f "$active"
    fi
  ' sh "$_config_dir"
}

remove_local_gateway_registration() {
  remove_local_gateway_registration_from "${TARGET_HOME}/.config/openshell"
}

remove_snap_gateway_registration() {
  remove_local_gateway_registration_from \
    "${TARGET_HOME}/snap/openshell/common/.config/openshell"
}

register_local_gateway() {
  _register_bin="${OPENSHELL_REGISTER_BIN:-openshell}"
  _endpoint="$(local_gateway_endpoint)"

  if _add_output="$(as_target_user "$_register_bin" gateway add "$_endpoint" --local --name openshell 2>&1)"; then
    [ -z "$_add_output" ] || print_gateway_add_output "$_add_output"
    return 0
  else
    _add_status=$?
  fi

  case "$_add_output" in
    *"already exists"*)
      info "local gateway already exists; removing and re-adding it..."
      remove_local_gateway_registration
      as_target_user "$_register_bin" gateway add "$_endpoint" --local --name openshell
      ;;
    *)
      printf '%s\n' "$_add_output" >&2
      return "$_add_status"
      ;;
  esac
}

print_gateway_add_output() {
  _endpoint="$(local_gateway_endpoint)"
  printf '%s\n' "$1" | while IFS= read -r _line; do
    case "$_line" in
      *"Gateway is not reachable at ${_endpoint}"*) ;;
      *"Verify the gateway is running and the endpoint is correct."*) ;;
      *) printf '%s\n' "$_line" >&2 ;;
    esac
  done
}

install_linux_deb() {
  check_linux_deb_platform
  set_linux_target_runtime_dir

  _arch="$(get_deb_arch)"
  _tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
  chmod 0755 "$_tmpdir"
  trap 'rm -rf "$_tmpdir"' EXIT
  prepare_prerelease_assets "$_tmpdir"
  info "downloading ${RELEASE_TAG} release checksums..."
  download_release_asset "$RELEASE_TAG" "$CHECKSUMS_NAME" "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" || {
    error "failed to download ${CHECKSUMS_NAME} for ${RELEASE_TAG}"
  }

  _deb_file="$(find_deb_asset "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" "$_arch")"
  if [ -z "$_deb_file" ]; then
    error "no Debian package found for architecture: ${_arch}"
  fi

  _deb_path="${_tmpdir}/${_deb_file}"

  info "selected ${_deb_file}"

  info "downloading ${_deb_file}..."
  download_release_asset "$RELEASE_TAG" "$_deb_file" "$_deb_path" || {
    error "failed to download ${_deb_file} for ${RELEASE_TAG}"
  }
  chmod 0644 "$_deb_path"

  info "verifying checksum..."
  verify_checksum "$_deb_path" "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" "$_deb_file"

  info "installing ${_deb_file}..."
  install_deb_package "$_deb_path"
  info "installed ${APP_NAME} package from ${RELEASE_TAG}"
  start_user_gateway
}

install_linux_rpm() {
  require_cmd rpm
  set_linux_target_runtime_dir

  _arch="$(get_rpm_arch)"
  _tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
  chmod 0755 "$_tmpdir"
  trap 'rm -rf "$_tmpdir"' EXIT
  prepare_prerelease_assets "$_tmpdir"
  info "downloading ${RELEASE_TAG} release checksums..."
  download_release_asset "$RELEASE_TAG" "$CHECKSUMS_NAME" "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" || {
    error "failed to download ${CHECKSUMS_NAME} for ${RELEASE_TAG}"
  }

  _rpm_file="$(find_rpm_asset "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" "$_arch" openshell)"
  if [ -z "$_rpm_file" ]; then
    error "no openshell RPM package found for architecture: ${_arch}"
  fi

  _gateway_rpm_file="$(find_rpm_asset "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" "$_arch" openshell-gateway)"
  if [ -z "$_gateway_rpm_file" ]; then
    error "no openshell-gateway RPM package found for architecture: ${_arch}"
  fi

  _prover_rpm_file="$(find_rpm_asset "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" "$_arch" openshell-prover)"
  if [ -z "$_prover_rpm_file" ]; then
    error "no openshell-prover RPM package found for architecture: ${_arch}"
  fi

  info "selected ${_rpm_file}, ${_gateway_rpm_file}, and ${_prover_rpm_file}"

  for _package_file in "$_rpm_file" "$_gateway_rpm_file" "$_prover_rpm_file"; do
    _package_url="${GITHUB_URL}/releases/download/${RELEASE_TAG}/${_package_file}"
    _package_path="${_tmpdir}/${_package_file}"

    info "downloading ${_package_file}..."
    download_release_asset "$RELEASE_TAG" "$_package_file" "$_package_path" || {
      error "failed to download ${_package_file} for ${RELEASE_TAG}"
    }
    chmod 0644 "$_package_path"

    info "verifying checksum for ${_package_file}..."
    verify_checksum "$_package_path" "${_tmpdir}/${CHECKSUMS_NAME}" "$_package_file"
  done

  info "installing ${_rpm_file}, ${_gateway_rpm_file}, and ${_prover_rpm_file}..."
  install_rpm_packages \
    "${_tmpdir}/${_rpm_file}" \
    "${_tmpdir}/${_gateway_rpm_file}" \
    "${_tmpdir}/${_prover_rpm_file}"
  info "installed ${APP_NAME} RPM packages from ${RELEASE_TAG}"
  start_user_gateway
}

openshell_snap_channel() {
  case "${OPENSHELL_VERSION:-}" in
    dev) printf '%s\n' "latest/edge" ;;
    '') printf '%s\n' "latest/stable" ;;
    *) error "Snap installs do not support OPENSHELL_VERSION=${OPENSHELL_VERSION}; use a native package" ;;
  esac
}

ensure_snap_gateway_config() {
  _config_file="${1:-/var/snap/openshell/common/gateway.toml}"

  as_root sh -c '
    set -eu
    config_file=$1
    if [ -e "$config_file" ] || [ -L "$config_file" ]; then
      exit 0
    fi

    config_dir=${config_file%/*}
    mkdir -p "$config_dir"
    umask 077
    temporary_file=$(mktemp "${config_file}.tmp.XXXXXX")
    trap '\''rm -f "$temporary_file"'\'' 0 HUP INT TERM

    cat >"$temporary_file" <<'\''EOF'\''
[openshell]
version = 2

[openshell.gateway]

[openshell.gateway.auth]
allow_unauthenticated_users = true
EOF

    if ! ln "$temporary_file" "$config_file"; then
      if [ -e "$config_file" ] || [ -L "$config_file" ]; then
        exit 0
      fi
      exit 1
    fi
    rm -f "$temporary_file"
    trap - 0 HUP INT TERM
  ' sh "$_config_file"
}

wait_for_docker_daemon() {
  _timeout="${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_DOCKER_TIMEOUT:-30}"
  _elapsed=0
  _last_output=""

  info "waiting for Docker daemon to become reachable..."
  while [ "$_elapsed" -lt "$_timeout" ]; do
    if _last_output="$(as_root docker info 2>&1)"; then
      info "Docker daemon is reachable"
      return 0
    fi
    sleep 1
    _elapsed=$((_elapsed + 1))
  done

  [ -z "$_last_output" ] || printf '%s\n' "$_last_output" >&2
  if snap list docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    as_root snap services docker >&2 || true
    as_root snap changes >&2 || true
  fi
  error "Docker daemon did not become reachable within ${_timeout}s"
}

register_snap_gateway() {
  _register_bin="${OPENSHELL_REGISTER_BIN:-/snap/bin/openshell}"
  _endpoint="http://127.0.0.1:${LOCAL_GATEWAY_PORT}"

  if _add_output="$(as_target_user "$_register_bin" gateway add "$_endpoint" --local --name openshell 2>&1)"; then
    [ -z "$_add_output" ] || print_gateway_add_output "$_add_output"
    return 0
  else
    _add_status=$?
  fi

  case "$_add_output" in
    *"already exists"*)
      info "local gateway already exists; removing and re-adding it..."
      remove_snap_gateway_registration
      as_target_user "$_register_bin" gateway add "$_endpoint" --local --name openshell
      ;;
    *)
      printf '%s\n' "$_add_output" >&2
      return "$_add_status"
      ;;
  esac
}

wait_for_snap_gateway_listener() {
  _timeout="${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT:-30}"
  _elapsed=0
  _last_output=""
  _probe_url="http://127.0.0.1:${LOCAL_GATEWAY_PORT}/"

  info "waiting for local gateway listener to become reachable..."
  while [ "$_elapsed" -lt "$_timeout" ]; do
    if _last_output="$(curl -sS --max-time 2 -o /dev/null "$_probe_url" 2>&1)"; then
      info "local gateway listener is reachable"
      return 0
    fi
    sleep 1
    _elapsed=$((_elapsed + 1))
  done

  [ -z "$_last_output" ] || printf '%s\n' "$_last_output" >&2
  dump_local_gateway_diagnostics
  error "local gateway listener did not become reachable at ${_probe_url} within ${_timeout}s"
}

install_linux_snap() {
  require_cmd snap
  set_linux_target_runtime_dir

  if snap list docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    error "the Docker snap is not currently compatible with OpenShell because its AppArmor confinement prevents OpenShell's hardened containers from starting.
Remove the Docker snap and install Docker Engine from a system package or Docker's package repository, then rerun this installer."
  fi
  if ! has_cmd docker; then
    error "Docker is required before installing the OpenShell snap.
Install Docker Engine from a system package or Docker's package repository, then rerun this installer. The Docker snap is not currently compatible with OpenShell."
  fi
  info "using existing Docker installation"
  wait_for_docker_daemon

  _channel="$(openshell_snap_channel)"
  if snap list openshell >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    info "refreshing OpenShell snap from ${_channel}..."
    as_root snap refresh openshell --channel="$_channel"
    warn "restarting the OpenShell gateway to use the refreshed snap; active sandbox sessions will be interrupted"
  else
    info "installing OpenShell snap from ${_channel}..."
    as_root snap install openshell --channel="$_channel"
  fi

  ensure_snap_gateway_config
  as_root snap restart openshell.gateway

  info "installed OpenShell snap from ${_channel}"
  info "registering local gateway as ${TARGET_USER}..."
  register_snap_gateway
  wait_for_snap_gateway_listener
  OPENSHELL_REGISTER_BIN="/snap/bin/openshell"
  wait_for_local_gateway_status
}

install_macos_homebrew() {
  check_macos_platform

  _tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
  chmod 0755 "$_tmpdir"
  trap 'rm -rf "$_tmpdir"' EXIT
  prepare_prerelease_assets "$_tmpdir"
  _formula_file="${_tmpdir}/openshell.rb"
  _formula_url="${GITHUB_URL}/releases/download/${RELEASE_TAG}/openshell.rb"

  info "downloading Homebrew formula from ${_formula_url}..."
  download_release_asset "$RELEASE_TAG" "openshell.rb" "$_formula_file" || {
    error "failed to download ${_formula_url}; the selected release may not include a Homebrew formula"
  }
  chmod 0644 "$_formula_file"
  patch_prerelease_homebrew_formula_urls "$_formula_file"
  patch_homebrew_formula "$_formula_file"

  _tap_formula_file="$(homebrew_formula_path "$HOMEBREW_TAP" "$HOMEBREW_FORMULA_NAME")"
  info "staging Homebrew formula in tap ${HOMEBREW_TAP}..."
  cp "$_formula_file" "$_tap_formula_file"
  chmod 0644 "$_tap_formula_file"
  if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
    chown "$TARGET_USER" "$_tap_formula_file" 2>/dev/null || true
  fi

  _formula_ref="${HOMEBREW_TAP}/${HOMEBREW_FORMULA_NAME}"

  if as_target_user brew list --formula openshell >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    info "reinstalling OpenShell with Homebrew..."
    as_target_user brew reinstall --formula "$_formula_ref"
  else
    info "installing OpenShell with Homebrew..."
    as_target_user brew install --formula "$_formula_ref"
  fi

  info "restarting OpenShell Homebrew service..."
  if ! as_target_user brew services restart "$_formula_ref"; then
    warn "could not restart the OpenShell Homebrew service"
    info "restart it later with: brew services restart ${_formula_ref}"
    info "then register it with: openshell gateway add $(local_gateway_endpoint) --local --name openshell"
    return 0
  fi

  _brew_prefix="$(as_target_user brew --prefix 2>/dev/null || true)"
  if [ -n "$_brew_prefix" ] && [ -x "${_brew_prefix}/bin/openshell" ]; then
    OPENSHELL_REGISTER_BIN="${_brew_prefix}/bin/openshell"
  fi

  info "registering local gateway as ${TARGET_USER}..."
  register_local_gateway
  wait_for_local_gateway_listener
  wait_for_local_gateway_status
}

main() {
  if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
    case "$1" in
      --help)
        usage
        exit 0
        ;;
      *)
        error "unknown option: $1"
        ;;
    esac
  fi

  require_cmd curl
  PLATFORM="$(detect_platform)"
  if [ "$PLATFORM" = "linux" ]; then
    LINUX_INSTALL_METHOD="$(linux_package_method)"
  fi

  TARGET_USER="$(target_user)"
  TARGET_UID="$(id -u "$TARGET_USER" 2>/dev/null || true)"
  [ -n "$TARGET_UID" ] || error "cannot resolve uid for ${TARGET_USER}"
  TARGET_HOME="$(user_home "$TARGET_USER")"

  if [ "${LINUX_INSTALL_METHOD:-}" = "snap" ]; then
    guard_native_to_snap_transition
  else
    RELEASE_TAG="$(resolve_release_tag)"
    guard_breaking_upgrade
  fi

  case "$PLATFORM" in
    linux)
      case "$LINUX_INSTALL_METHOD" in
        snap)
          install_linux_snap
          ;;
        deb)
          require_linux_package_glibc
          install_linux_deb
          ;;
        rpm)
          require_linux_package_glibc
          install_linux_rpm
          ;;
        *)
          error "unsupported Linux package method"
          ;;
      esac
      ;;
    darwin)
      install_macos_homebrew
      ;;
    *)
      error "unsupported platform: ${PLATFORM}"
      ;;
  esac
}

if [ "${OPENSHELL_INSTALL_SH_TEST:-0}" != "1" ]; then
  main "$@"
fi